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Chapter 5: Test

I. Multiple Choices

1. is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on while belongs to language, so is restricted to language use. key

A. meaning, concept B. concept, meaning

C. sense, reference D. reference, sense

2. The relationship between the word-form and meaning is ____. Most words can be said to be___. key

A. prescriptive, motivated B. prescriptive, non-motivated

C. arbitrary, motivated D. arbitrary, non-motivated

3.Which of the following is incorrect? key

A. “airmail” means “mail by air”

B. “reading-lamp” means “lamp for reading”

C. “green horn” is the horn green in color

D. “hopeless” is “without hope”

4. _____ explains the connection between the literal sense and triturative sense of the word. key

A. Etymological motivation B. Onomatopoetic motivation

C. Morphological motivation D. Semantic motivation

5. Now people use “pen” for any writing tool though it originally denotes “feature”. This phenomenon can be explained by_____ . key

A. etymological motivation B. onomatopoetic motivation

C. morphological motivation D. semantic motivation

6.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. key

A. Grammatical meaning B. Denotative meaning

C. Associative meaning D. Connotative meaning

7. When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded of their family, friends, warmth, safety, love. That is because of the “home” has _______. key

A. collocations B. connotations

C. denotations D. perorations

8. “Domicile, residence, abode, home” are almost the same in conceptual meaning, but differ mainly in___. key

A. connotative meaning B. affective meaning

C. collocative meaning D. stylistic meaning

9. _____ vary from individual to individual, from culture to culture, from generation to generation, from society to society. key

A. Connotative and affection meanings

B. Connotative and collcational meanings

C. Affective and collocational meanings

D. Affective and stylistic meanings

10. “Pretty and handsome”, “tremble and quiver” differ mainly in their _____ meanings. key

A. affective B. collocative C. stylistic D. denotative

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Since reference is a kind of abstraction, it can’t refer to something specific. key

2. Every word that has meaning has sense and reference. key

3. Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words, and the meaning of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.key

4. By morphological motivation, we mean that a meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.key

5. Functional words have both lexical meaning and grammatical meaning.key

6. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.key

7. Associative meaning comprises four types: connotative stylistic, affective and denotative.key

8. In many cases the appreciative or pejorative meaning of the words are produced out of context.key

III. Fill in the gaps. The first letter of each word in given.

1. A word is the combination of f and m . key

2. Only when a connection has been, established between the linguistic s and a r , does the sign become meaningful.key

3. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is a and c .key

4. Meaning and c are closely connected but not identical.key

5. In modern English, one may find some o words whose sounds suggest their meaning, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.key

6.The word meaning is made up of g meaning and l meaning, which itself has two components: c meaning and a meaning.key

7.words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: a or p .key

IV. Define the following terms.

reference, motivation, conceptual meaning, grammatical meaning, associative meaning, connotative meaning.

stylistic meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning. key

V. Answer the following, questions:

1. What is the relationship between concept and meaning?

2. What is the relationship between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning? key