龙梅和玉荣的动画片:怎么翻译？

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a component of volcanic gas emissions on present-day Earth,1 a major constituent of the atmosphere of Venus,2 and one of the molecules observed in interstellar gas clouds.3 It brings about the efficient formation of oligopeptides from amino acids under a variety of potentially prebiotic conditions.4 Here we investigate the reactions of COS in the context of phos-phate activation in neutral aqueous solutions. We show that COS is an effective reagent for the synthesis of aminoacyl phosphates from amino acids and inorganic phosphate or aminoacyl adenylates from amino acids and adenylic acid. We further show that the mixed anhydrides of amino acids and inorganic phosphate, in the presence of certain divalent ions, are phosphorylating agents, producing pyrophosphate from phosphate. The amino acid dependent activa-tions of phosphate reported here, which occur under mild aqueous conditions in parallel with the production of peptides, suggest that peptide synthesis and phosphoryl transfer reactions might have shared a common activated precursor on the prebiotic Earth.
The reaction between inorganic phosphate and an aminoacyl N-carboxyanhydride5 (NCA, 3, Scheme 1) has recently been shown to generate a mixed aminoacyl-phosphate anhydride (4).6 Despite indications from the literature that concentrated phosphate solutions can rapidly hydrolyze COS gas to CO2 and H2S,7 we wondered if N-carboxyanhydrides might still form in the presence of phosphate and then react with phosphate to yield an aminoacyl-phosphate anhydride. Our studies indicate that mixed aminoacyl-phosphate anhydrides (4) are rapidly produced from amino acids (1) and inorganic phosphate in the presence of COS and ferricyanidesa potentially prebiotic8 oxidizing agent that greatly enhances the efficiency of COS-mediated peptide synthesis4 (Table 1, Figures 1 and S1). Yields of the aminoacyl-phosphate anhydrides were as high as 25% (Table 1). The participation of aminoacyl thiocarbam-ate 2 as an intermediate in the formation of aminoacyl-phosphate anhydride 4 was confirmed by initiating a reaction with an authentic sample of L-phenylalanine thiocarbamate 2 without COS (Scheme 1).