未来边缘大概:如何区别关系副词与关系代词?

来源:百度文库 编辑:高校问答 时间:2024/04/20 15:50:57
学定语从句时,很难分辨...
查过资料说,当在从句中担任状语的就是关系副词
当宾语的就是关系代词
可是怎样分辨它担任状语还是宾语?

1.关系代词显然是代替主语(或主语部分),宾语的词,如:who.whom.whose,which, that,因为代词能在句子中充当主语,宾语,所以这些词被叫做关系代词
2.关系副词显然是代替状语(如时间、地点、原因等的词,如:where,when,why,因为副词能在句子中充当状语,所以这些词被叫做关系副词

如何判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错:

1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

[答案]
以上两句都是错误的,应改为:

This is the mountain village(which) I visited last year.

I'll never forget the days(which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例:

1.Is this museum ________ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that

C.on which D.the one

2.Is this the museum ________ the exhibition was held?

A.where B.that

C.on which D.the one

答案:例1 D;例2 A

例1变为肯定句:This museum is ________ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句:This is the museum _________ the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既作了主句的表语,又可作从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

在句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分缺句子的状语,表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。