相框哪种材质最贵:请帮忙翻译

来源:百度文库 编辑:高校问答 时间:2024/05/05 08:01:52
4.2高校信息化实行资源有效利用、标准化管理管理
随着计算机技术的迅速发展,大学的信息化建设已经从管理信息系统发展为数字校园环境下的整体化信息系统的建设,无论在深度和广度上,原有的信息标准都不能适应今天的需求。在进入 21世纪的今天,学校各部门迫切需要进行信息的共享与交换,面对众多的应用系统及成千上万的信息,如何统一、科学、规范地分类和描述信息,使信息能有序流通、发挥信息资源的综合效益是当前的重要工作。信息化标准的研究和制订的目的在于满足学校信息系统建设的需要,加强信息化建设的统一领导,建立信息化标准的管理体系,保证信息在采集、处理、交换、传输的过程中有统一的规范,最大限度地实现信息资源共享,使学校信息系统得到协同发展,为实现教育信息化作出应有的贡献。
4.21信息系统标准规范化
信息标准是信息在采集、处理、交换、用户访问、传输过程中的统一规范,在全校范围内为数据库设计提供了类似“数据辞海”的作用,为信息交换、资源共享提供了基础性条件。 信息标准的建设不仅是数据标准的建设,而且还应包括接口标准和 应用标准的建设。
数据标准:数据按照统一的标准产生、存放、使用,使数据真正实现共享。
接口标准:定义清晰而标准的接口,使得应用之间能够实现互操作。
应用标准:通过定义应用标准,使得遵循标准的应用能够方便地集成,易于构筑一个可缩放的大学集成信息系统。
此外,在信息标准的立项报告中,还应明确建立信息标准的一些原则:
标准化原则:尽量采用国际标准、国家标准;实用性原则:标准要能够适合高校数字校园的建设需要;开放性原则:标准要适应技术的发展;分步实施原则:边制定边实施,逐步完善。
4.22管理系统标准规范化
信息化建设之后是运行,正常运行才是信息化真正发挥作用的保障,系统的正常运行依赖于管理的规范化,因此,建立健全各类信息系统运 行服务的管理规范才能保证网络与信息系统的稳定运行。
这里列举三种 规范:管理类规范:主要是从学校管理的角度制定的规范,如:“校园网络 信息管理办法”、“网络有害信息处理办法”、“网络与信息应用系统安全、 保密管理办法”、“校园网络电子公告服务管理规定”等;信息服务类规范:
主要是从信息服务的登记、管理、运行、维护各个方面建立的规范,如:“校园网络信息服务登记管理办法”、“校园网络 域名管理办法”、“校园网 FTP 管理办法”、“信息系统共享数据库管理规范”、“网络信息用户服务规范”等;技术类规范:主要是从技术的角度保障网络与信息系统正常运行的规范,可以细分为两个子类,一种是对于人员与岗位职责的规定,如:“系统管理员职责”、“数据库管理员职责”、“网络安全管理员职责”、“机 房管理员职责”等。
另一种是运行维护的技术流程的管理规定,如:“服务器管理系列规范”包括服务器安装工作流程、操作系统安全配置文档 与检查列表、操作系统升级工作流程、服务器切换工作规范等、“数据 库管理系列规范”包括数据库管理策略文档、数据库安装技术规范、数据库用户管理规范、数据库备份工作规范等、“网络安全管理系列规范” 包括防火墙安装规范、防火墙运行维护规范、安全检查规范、日志管理规范、补丁安装规范、安全紧急事件响应规范等),等等。管理规范的建立与执行,保证了网络与信息系统的有序运行,起到了学校信息化的交通规则的作用。

4.2 universities becoming an information based society implementation resources effective use, standardized management management
Along with computer technology rapid development, university's becoming an information based society construction already from management information system development for digital campus environment under integration information system construction, regardless of in the depth and the breadth, the original information standard all cannot adapt today demand. Is entering for the 21st century today, the school various departments is urgent needs to carry on the information sharing and the exchange, facing the multitudinous application system and the tens of thousands of information, how unifies, the science, standard the classification and the description information, enables the information to have the foreword to circulate, the display information resource comprehensive benefit is the current important work. The becoming an information based society standard research and the making goal lies in satisfies the school information system construction the need, strengthens the becoming an information based society construction the unified leadership, establishes the becoming an information based society standard the management system, guaranteed the information in gathering, processing, the exchange, in the transmission process has the unification the standard, maximum limit realizes information resource sharing, enable the school information system to obtain the coordination development, makes the contribution for realization education becoming an information based society which should have.
4.21 information systems standard standardization
The information standard is the information in gathering, processing, the exchange, the user visit, the transmission process unified standard, in the entire school scope has provided "data dictionary set" similar for the database design the function, for the exchange of information, resources sharing has provided the foundational condition. The information standard construction not only is the data standard construction, moreover also should include the interface standard and the application standard construction.
Data standard: The data has, depositing, the use according to the unified standard, causes data true realization sharing.
Interface standard: Defines but the standard connection clearly, enables between the application to be able to realize operates mutually.
Application standard: Through the definition application standard, causes to follow the standard the application to be able conveniently to integrate, is easy to construct to be possible the reproduce by pantograph university to integrate the information system.
In addition, sets up in a report in the information standard, but also should be clear about the establishment information standard some principles:
Standardized principle: Uses the international standard, the national standard as far as possible; Usable principle: The standard must be able to suit the university numeral campus the construction need; Open principle: The standard must adapt the technical development; Minute step of implementation principle: Formulates while implements, consummates gradually.
4.22 management system management systems standard standardization
After becoming an information based society construction is moves, the normal operation is the becoming an information based society true display function safeguard, the system normal operation relies on the management standardization, therefore, establishes the perfect each kind of information system movement service the management standard to be able to guarantee the network and the information system stable movement.
Here enumerates three kind of standards: Management class standard: Mainly is from the school administration angle formulation standard, for example: "The campus network information management means", "the network harmful information processing means", "the network and the information application system security, the security policing method", "the campus network electron announced the service management stipulates" and so on; Information service class standard:
Mainly is from the information service registration, the management, the movement, maintains the standard which each aspect establishes, for example: "Campus network information service registration policing method", "campus network domain name policing method", "campus net FTP policing method", "information system sharing data bank administration standard", "network information user service standard" and so on; Technology class standard: Mainly is from the technical angle safeguard network and the information system normal operation standard, may subdivide is two subclasses, one kind is regarding the personnel and the post responsibility stipulation, for example: "System manager responsibility", "database administrator responsibility", "network security manager responsibility", "engine room manager responsibility" and so on.
Another kind is moves the maintenance technical flow management to stipulate, for example: "The server management series standard" including the server erection work flow, the operating system safe disposition documents and the inspection tabulates, the operating system promotion work flow, the server cuts the work standard and so on, "the data bank administration series standard" including the data bank administration strategy documents, the database installs the technology standard, the database user management standard, the database backup work standard and so on, "the network security management series standard" including the firewall installment standard, the firewall movement maintenance standard, the security check standard, the diary management standard, the patch installment standard, the safe urgent event responds the standard and so on), and so on. The management standard establishment and the execution, had guaranteed the network and the information system have the foreword movement, played to the school becoming an information based society traffic regulations role.

4.2 universities becoming an information based society implementation resources effective use, standardized management management
Along with computer technology rapid development, university's becoming an information based society construction already from management information system development for digital campus environment under integration information system construction, regardless of in the depth and the breadth, the original information standard all cannot adapt today demand. Is entering for the 21st century today, the school various departments is urgent needs to carry on the information sharing and the exchange, facing the multitudinous application system and the tens of thousands of information, how unifies, the science, standard the classification and the description information, enables the information to have the foreword to circulate, the display information resource comprehensive benefit is the current important work. The becoming an information based society standard research and the making goal lies in satisfies the school information system construction the need, strengthens the becoming an information based society construction the unified leadership, establishes the becoming an information based society standard the management system, guaranteed the information in gathering, processing, the exchange, in the transmission process has the unification the standard, maximum limit realizes information resource sharing, enable the school information system to obtain the coordination development, makes the contribution for realization education becoming an information based society which should have.
4.21 information systems standard standardization
The information standard is the information in gathering, processing, the exchange, the user visit, the transmission process unified standard, in the entire school scope has provided "data dictionary set" similar for the database design the function, for the exchange of information, resources sharing has provided the foundational condition. The information standard construction not only is the data standard construction, moreover also should include the interface standard and the application standard construction.
Data standard: The data has, depositing, the use according to the unified standard, causes data true realization sharing.
Interface standard: Defines but the standard connection clearly, enables between the application to be able to realize operates mutually.
Application standard: Through the definition application standard, causes to follow the standard the application to be able conveniently to integrate, is easy to construct to be possible the reproduce by pantograph university to integrate the information system.
In addition, sets up in a report in the information standard, but also should be clear about the establishment information standard some principles:
Standardized principle: Uses the international standard, the national standard as far as possible; Usable principle: The standard must be able to suit the university numeral campus the construction need; Open principle: The standard must adapt the technical development; Minute step of implementation principle: Formulates while implements, consummates gradually.
4.22 management system management systems standard standardization
After becoming an information based society construction is moves, the normal operation is the becoming an information based society true display function safeguard, the system normal operation relies on the management standardization, therefore, establishes the perfect each kind of information system movement service the management standard to be able to guarantee the network and the information system stable movement.
Here enumerates three kind of standards: Management class standard: Mainly is from the school administration angle formulation standard, for example: "The campus network information management means", "the network harmful information processing means", "the network and the information application system security, the security policing method", "the campus network electron announced the service management stipulates" and so on; Information service class standard:
Mainly is from the information service registration, the management, the movement, maintains the standard which each aspect establishes, for example: "Campus network information service registration policing method", "campus network domain name policing method", "campus net FTP policing method", "information system sharing data bank administration standard", "network information user service standard" and so on; Technology class standard: Mainly is from the technical angle safeguard network and the information system normal operation standard, may subdivide is two subclasses, one kind is regarding the personnel and the post responsibility stipulation, for example: "System manager responsibility", "database administrator responsibility", "network security manager responsibility", "engine room manager responsibility" and so on.
Another kind is moves the maintenance technical flow management to stipulate, for example: "The server management series standard" including the server erection work flow, the operating system safe disposition documents and the inspection tabulates, the operating system promotion work flow, the server cuts the work standard and so on, "the data bank administration series standard" including the data bank administration strategy documents, the database installs the technology standard, the database user management standard, the database backup work standard and so on, "the network security management series standard" including the firewall installment standard, the firewall movement maintenance standard, the security check standard, the diary management standard, the patch installment standard, the safe urgent event responds the standard and so on), and so on. The management standard establishment and the execution, had guaranteed the network and the information system have the foreword movement, played to the school becoming an information based society traffic regulations ro