他妈的 尧十三 在线听:关于英语“宾语”的问题

来源:百度文库 编辑:高校问答 时间:2024/04/24 11:38:38
大家帮帮我, 我对宾语这个问题有点头晕,
我不清楚什么的是:双宾语.宾语补足语.宾语从句。
还有它们的区别,用途,请给我讲讲吧,最好举一些例子,
谢谢了

我在此说一下双宾语和宾语从句。
我个人认为,双宾语:指直接宾语和间接宾语。举例:
I gave him a bag.其中HIM是间接宾语。A BAG是直接宾语。这里HIM 和A BAG都是宾语。有HIM 和A BAG都是不完整的句子。不是“我给了他”,而是“我给了个包给某人”。所以重要的是“包”,而不是“他”,也以次区分谁是直宾,谁是间宾。一般直宾是物,间宾是人称代词。
宾语从句,就是从句充当宾语。
I know you are that girl.
WHO后面的整个句子充当KNOW的宾语。
宾语补语,就是其成分充当句子的宾语的补充成分。至于例子,我自己没学好,抱歉。希望以上对你有用。

1.及物动词后可带宾语,介词后可带宾语。有些动词后可有双宾语。
e.g. teach English 及物动词+宾语
wait for the bus 介词宾语
tell you a story 双宾语(me是间宾语,a story 是直接宾语)
2.He(主语) told (谓语)me (间接宾语)that he was ill yesterday (由that引导的宾语从句作直接宾语)宾语从句与中考试题
学习宾语从句并不难,只要你能过好下面的三道关:
第一关,选好连接词(也有人叫关联词)。
引导宾语从句的连接词,课本上写有三类,但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。
1.连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如: 1)He knew(that)he should work hard.
2)I am glad(that)you've passed the exam.
2.连词whether或if:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口语中多用if。例如: 3)Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?
4)Tom didn't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大,同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如:
5)He asked me whether or not I was coming.他问我是否要来。(该句中的whether不能换成if,因为if不能与or连用。)
3.连接代词who,whom ,whose,what, which:它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意义。例如:
6)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?(武汉市)(which引导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰class,意为“哪个”。)
7)Can you tell me whom he is waiting for?(天津市)
4.连接副词when,where, why,how:起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己的意义。例如:
8)I wonder where he got so much money.对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。(where在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为“哪里;什么地方”。)
9)He didn't tell me how old his friend was.(四川省)(how引导宾语从句,作程度状语,修饰old,意为“怎样;如何”等意。)
第二关,牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。这里特别强调的是,它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如: 10)You must remember what your teacher said.
11)—Dad,do you know when the football game will start?
—In half an hour.(宁波市)
12)汉译英:你能不能告诉我,我们去看望谁?
误:Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?
正:Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?
错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构——主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句,如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris?就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris?”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了,我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris?”了。
第三关,注意时态的呼应。 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如:
13)汉译英:我原以为你今天有空的。 误:I thought(that)you are free today.
正:I thought(that)you would be free today.
错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today,但因为主句谓语是thought,所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。
这种时态的呼应,如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制,如上述例句2),3),7),8),10),11),12)。如果主句时态是过去时,宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时(即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)。例如: 14)He thought he was working for the people.
15)I heard she had been to the Great W all.
16)John hoped that he would find a job soon.
但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等,则不变化:
17)The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
巩固与检测请做下列2002年中考题:
1.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _____Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.(北京市东城区)
A.that B.how C.what D.if
2.—I don't know _____ Mr.Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.(杭州市)
A.why B.when C.how D.where
3.—We never know _____ the old m an is. —They say he is a teacher. A.what B.who C.which D.where
4.I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when
5.—Do you know _____ ?I'm going to see him. —Sorry,I don't know.(北京市海淀区) A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived
6.—W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer?
—Sorry,I have no idea.(南京市)
A./;bought B.has;bought C.did;buy D.does;buy
7.I don't feel very well.Mum asked me _____this morning.(重庆市)
A. what the matter is B.what is wrong
C.what the matter was D.what wrong was
8.—Where is Jack?
—He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan,but I'm not sure _____ .(南昌市)
A.that B.which C.where D.there
Key: 宾语从句与中考试题 1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C

双宾语就是一个动作跟了两个宾语啊
例如:I will give you this book.
我将把这本书给你。
you和 this book就是两个宾语

宾语补足语
I saw you stand(ing) at the door.
这句话I是主语,saw是谓语,you是宾语,stand(ing) at the door就是传说中的宾语补足语了,它的功能想必顾名思义了吧。。
宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后,可以充当宾语补足语的大致有:动词非谓语形式[如不定式,动词原形,现在分词,过去分词。。],形容词,副词,介宾短语。。。
每种情况各举1例吧。。[]内的即宾语补足语。。
前面那个例句就属于动词非谓语形式充当宾补,具体分类属于动词原形,加上括号内的ing则是现在分词。。
形容词:I find smoking [bad for health].
副词:I saw the elevator [up and down].
介宾短语:I saw a bird [in a cage]. {注:这个句子让我想起另外1个知识点,也就是,句中的状语也可能出现在与宾补同样的位置,但表达的意思不同,前者修饰主谓,后者修饰宾语,如该例句的意思是:我看见1只鸟待在1个笼子里。 如果把它理解成状语则要闹笑话了:我在1个笼子里看见1只鸟。。-_-||。。所以理清句子各成分很重要。。}

宾语从句

一、定义:

用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可以用连词that,连接代词who,whom,what,which;连接副词 how,when,where以及if和whether引起。连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中作一相应的句子成分,if或whether表示疑问,而that没有意义仅起连接作用。

二、宾语从句的分类:

1. 作动词的宾语从句:

如:Everyone knows that he is a good student.

He wondered how the pyramids were built.

2. 作介词宾语:

如:This depends on how hard you work.

Is there anything wrong in what I said?

3. 作形容词的宾语:

如:They are confident that they can do the job well.

I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time.

三:使用宾语从句要注意的问题:

1. 宾语从句引导词that的省略:

在非正式场合下,that在引导宾语从句时,可以省略。

如:I think (that) you are right.

2. 形式宾语it:

如果宾语从句后面跟有补语,要用形式宾语it来代替,而将从句放到补语的后面去。如:He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.

I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901.

3.宾语从句的时态呼应:

如果主句的谓语是过去时,宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念,其谓语时态仍用一般现在时。

如:He said that he had left his umbrella in the library.

The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.

4. 宾语从句否定意义的转移:

在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所根的宾语中,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。

如:I don’t think he has time to play chess with you.

I don’t suppose it is the rush hour yet.

5.一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气:

一般说来,在一些表示坚持(insist),命令(order,command),建议(suggest,advise),要求(require,demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中,谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语中常省略,但是引导从句的that通常不省略):

如:She suggested that we (should) leave early.

He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane.

6.whether 与 if

引导介词宾语从句时,只能用 whether,不用if;与“or not”连用时,一般用whether,不用if。

如:I am interested in whether he'll go abroad.

We don't know whether he will come or not.

7.宾语从句的语序

连接词后面为陈述语序。

如:I don’t know what your name is.

8.直接引语变为间接引语

间接引语的使用应注意选择合适的动词。陈述用say/tell,疑问用ask/wonder,而祈使用 tell/order,建议用advise/suggest。注意这些动词后面的结构和语气。

如:“Could you get some tea for me?” Mr.Blake said to his wife.

→Mr. Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him.

“Shall we go dancing tonight?”John said.

→John suggested they should go dancing tonight.

英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语"。如:

My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。

?用来说明宾语的部分叫做宾语补足语。什么时候会出现宾语补足语呢?当一个句子有了(主+谓+宾)后,句意仍不清楚,这时补充一部分,句意就清楚了。如果这部分和宾语之间有逻辑上的“主+谓”的关系。也就是说,假设用宾语作主语,与后面的内容重新组成一个句子,其意义与原句的意义相符合,这时这部分就是宾语补足语。如果与原句意义不相符合,就是“双宾语”。如:1.?We?call?her?这时主谓宾都有了,但句意不清楚,加上Sister?Li后就完整了。如果我们用宾语做主语,就可写成She?is?Sister?Li.?此时,意义与原句相符合,所以Sister?Li就是宾语补足语。2.?I?shall?give?you?这时句子有了主谓宾,意义不完整。加上a?dog?就完整了。但我们不能说You?are?a?dog?所以这时a?dog?是直接宾语。you?是间接宾语。

双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人. 例如: They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语, 这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语. 在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语. We call him Jack . 我们叫他杰克。 这里him 是宾语, Jack 是宾语补足语 They appointed him chairman. 他们任命他为主席. 这里的him是宾语, chairman 是宾语补足语.
45.如何区分双宾语和复合宾语

某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语(即:间接宾语+直接宾语)或复合宾语(即:宾语+宾语补足语),这两种宾语的形式虽然相似,但结构与意义却不同。那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?

(1)从动词上区分。

一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give,show,bring,read,pass,lend,tell,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。例如:

The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮。

They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。

The old man told us a story yesterday.那位老人昨天给我们讲了一个故事。

一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等。例如:

We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。

He didn’t let me go.他不让我走。

They call the bird“Polly”.他们叫这鸟“波利”。

(2)从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分。

在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和分词(短语)。例如:

She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(双宾语)

He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.).(双宾语)

We call him Lao Li(n.).(复合宾语)

Don’t keep the light on(adv.).(复合宾语)

They must keep their hands behind their backs(介词短语).(复合宾语)

I won’t let you try again(不定式短语).(复合宾语)

The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(过去分词).(复合宾语)

(3)从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分。

在双宾语中,两个宾语间的关系比较松散,有的句子去掉其中一个宾语,句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示“为谁(forsb.)或给谁(to sb.)……”,即“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for sb.或to sb.”的结构。例如:

Please show me your new book.→Please show yournew book to me.请给我看看你的新书。

She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought sometomatoes for me.她给我买了一些西红柿。

宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;当不定式(短语)或分词(短语)作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。例如:

We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)

We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)

You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)

I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)

He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hoursa day.)

we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing inthe room.)
参考资料:http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/8234027.html