企业团队管理参考文献:巴西概况 英文简介

巴 西 概 况

　　国名：巴西联邦共和国
　　（The Federative Republic of Brazil，
　　República Federativa do Brasil)

　　国旗： 呈长方形，长与宽之比为10∶7。旗地为绿色，中间是一个黄色菱形，其四个顶点与旗边的距离均相等。菱形中间是一个蓝色天球仪，其上有一条拱形白带。绿、黄色是巴西的国色。绿色象征该国广阔的丛林，黄色代表丰富的矿藏和资源。天球仪上的拱形白带将球面分为上下两部分，下半部象征南半球星空，其上大小不同的白色五角星代表巴西的26个州和一个联邦区。白带上用葡萄牙文写着“秩序和进步”。

　　国徽： 图案中间突出一颗大五角星，象征国家的独立和团结。大五角星内的蓝色圆面上有五个小五角星，代表南十字星座；圆环中有22个小五角星，代表巴西各州和联邦区。大五角星周围环绕着用咖啡叶和烟草叶编织的花环，背后竖立一把剑，剑柄在五角星下端。绶带上用葡萄牙文写着“巴西联邦共和国”，“1889年11月15日”（共和国成立日）。

　　重要节日：

　　独立日：9月7日（1822年）

　　国庆日：9月7日（1822年）

　　印第安人日：4月19日

　　巴西里约热内卢著名的瓜纳巴拉海湾

　　国家政要： 总统卢拉·达席尔瓦 (Lula da Silva) ，2002年10月当选，2003年1月1日任职。

　　自然地理：854．7万平方公里，是拉丁美洲面积最大的国家。位于南美洲东南部。北邻法属圭亚那、苏里南、圭亚那、委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚，西邻秘鲁、玻利维亚、南接巴拉圭、阿根廷和乌拉圭，东濒大西洋。海岸线长7400多公里，领海宽度12海里，领海外专属经济区188海里。国土80％位于热带地区，最南端属亚热带气候。北部亚马孙平原属赤道气候，年平均气温27－29℃。中部高原属热带草原气候，分旱、雨季。南部地区平均气温16－19℃。

　　身着盛装的巴西卡拉雅族

　　巴西南比卡瓦拉族
　　人进行弓箭比赛

　　身着盛装的巴西帕塔
　　肖族跳起民族舞蹈

　　人口：1.696亿（2000年），占世界人口的2．8％，居拉美首位。其中白种人占54. 03％，黑白混血种人占39. 94％，黑种人占5. 39％，黄种人占0.46%，印第安人约占0. 16％。葡萄牙语为官方语言。71％的居民信奉天主教。 巴西“印第安人日”

　　首都： 巴西利亚（Brasilia） ，人口约204．32万人（2000年），融汇了世界古今建筑艺术的精华，有“世界建筑博览会”之称。城市建造在人工湖旁，以三权广场为核心，形状像一架头朝东方的巨型飞机。1987年，联合国教科文组织宣布将巴西利亚城列为“人类文化财富”。

　　行政区划：全国共分为26个州和1个联邦区（巴西利亚联邦区），州下设市，全国共有5507个市，其中15万人口以上的有79个，100万人口以上的有12个（1999年）。各州名称如下：阿克里、阿拉戈斯、亚马孙、阿马帕、巴伊亚、塞阿拉、圣埃斯皮里图、戈亚斯、马拉尼昂、马托格罗索、南马托格罗索、米纳斯吉拉斯、帕拉、帕拉伊巴、巴拉那、伯南布哥、皮奥伊、北里奥格兰德、南里奥格兰德、里约热内卢、朗多尼亚、罗赖马、圣卡塔琳、圣保罗、塞尔希培、托坎廷斯。

　　简史：古代巴西为印地安人居住地。1500年4月22日葡萄牙航海家卡布拉尔到达巴西。16世纪沦为葡萄牙殖民地。1807年拿破仑入侵葡萄牙，葡王室逃到巴西后，巴西实际上成了葡的帝国中心。1821年葡王室迁回里斯本，王子佩德罗留巴西任摄政王。1822年9月7日获得独立，建立巴西帝国。1888年5月废除奴隶制度。1889年11月15日丰塞卡将军发动政变废除帝制，成立共和国。1891年2月24日通过第一部共和国宪法，定国名为巴西合众国。1960年将首都由里约热内卢迁往巴西利亚。1964年3月31日，军人政变上台，实行独裁统治，1967年改国名为巴西联邦共和国。

　　1931年10月12日，高30米、重1145吨，历时10年工程的基督石雕像
　　在里约市原驼峰山上竖立起来。
　　它是里约热内卢市的象征物之一

　　政治：1988年10月5日颁布的新宪法规定，总统由直接选举产生，取消总统直接颁布法令的权力。总统是国家元首和政府首脑兼武装部队总司令。1994年和1997年议会通过宪法修正案，分别规定将总统任期缩短为四年，总统和各州、市长均可连选连任。国民议会由联邦参议院和众议院组成，行使立法权，为国家最高权力机关。主要职能是制定联邦范围内的一切法律；确定和平时期武装力量人数；制定全国和地区性的发展计划；宣布大赦令；授权总统宣布战争或和平；批准总统和副总统出访；批准或撤销联邦干预或戒严；审查总统账目；批准总统签署国际条约；决定临时迁都等。内阁为政府行政机构，内阁成员由总统任命。

　　巴西第一大城市圣保罗市内的保利斯
　　大街上高耸的金融机构大楼。圣保罗
　　是巴西的金融、商业和制造业中心。

　　经济： 巴西自然条件得天独厚。横贯北部的亚马孙河是世界上流域最广、流量最大的河流。素有“地球之肺”之称的亚马孙森林面积达750万平方公里，占世界森林面积的三分之一，其中大部分位于巴西境内。在西南部的世界第五大河巴拉那河上有极为壮观的伊瓜苏大瀑布，巴西与巴拉圭合建的被誉为“世纪工程”的世界第一大水电站伊泰普水电站就建在巴拉那河上。巴西矿产资源丰富，主要有铁、铀、铝矾土、锰、石油、天然气和煤等。其中已探明的铁矿砂储量为650亿吨，产量和出口量均居世界第一位。铀矿、铝矾土和锰矿储量均居世界第三位。巴西是拉美第一经济大国，有较为完整的工业体系，工业产值居拉美之首。钢铁、汽车、造船、石油、化工、电力、制鞋等行业在世界享有盛誉，核电、通讯、电子、飞机制造、信息、军工等领域的技术水平已跨入世界先进国家行列。巴西是世界第一大咖啡生产国和出口国，有“咖啡王国”之称，甘蔗和柑橘的产量也居世界之首。大豆产量居世界第二，玉米产量居世界第三。巴西是仅次于美国和德国的世界第三大糖果生产国。各类糖果产量每年达800亿颗。糖果业年产值为5亿美元。每年出口糖果5万吨左右。全国可耕地面积约4亿公顷，被誉为“二十一世纪的世界粮仓”。巴西的畜牧业非常发达，以养牛为主。巴是南美钢铁大国，为世界第六大产钢国，钢材出口达1200万吨，占全国钢材总量的54％。也是拉美第一、世界第九汽车生产大国。巴西的旅游业久负盛名，为世界十大旅游创汇国之一。主要旅游点有里约热内卢、圣保罗、萨尔瓦多的教堂和古老建筑、巴西利亚城、伊瓜苏瀑布和伊泰普水电站、玛瑙斯自由港、黑金城、巴拉那石林和大沼泽地等。 货币：雷亚尔>>> 巴西海滩风情画>>> 巴西览胜：(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

　　巴西利亚——最年轻的人类文化遗产

　　“咖啡王国”——巴西 拉美大国巴西以咖啡质优、味浓而驰名全球，是世界上最大的咖啡生产国和出口国，素有“咖啡王国”之称。

　　咖啡原产于非洲的埃塞俄比亚，1727年传入巴西。巴西位于南美洲东南，地处热带和亚热带，独特的地理和气候条件很适合种植咖啡，加之劳动力廉价，咖啡种植业迅速兴起。19世纪，巴西的咖啡种植几乎遍及全国，随后又形成持续近一个世纪之久的“咖啡繁荣期”。咖啡大面积种植，给巴西带来了财富和繁荣。20世纪初，巴西的咖啡产量占世界总产量的百分之七十五以上，从而赢得了“咖啡王国”的美称。

　　咖啡是巴西国民经济的重要支柱之一。全国有大大小小的咖啡种植园50万个，种植面积约220万公顷，从业人口达600多万，年产咖啡200万吨左右，年出口创汇近20亿美元。近年来，由于出口结构的变化和国际咖啡市场不景气，巴西咖啡生产和出口量有所下降。

　　巴西人酷爱咖啡。60年代，巴西人均年咖啡消费量达5·8公斤。近二十年来，随着其它饮料的出现，巴西人均咖啡消费量仍超过3公斤。在巴西，无论在城市还是乡村，各式各样的咖啡屋随处可见。人们几乎随时随地都可以喝到浓郁芳香的热咖啡。

　　“足球大国”——巴西 巴西是世界足球大国。足球运动不仅是巴西民众的共同爱好，也是整个民族的骄傲。巴西职业球队之多，可谓世界之冠。正式登记注册的足球俱乐部已有两万个以上，从事足球运动的人数逾百万。除球王贝利外，巴西还拥有济科、苏格拉底、卡雷卡、罗纳尔多、里瓦尔多、罗马里奥等一大批世界级的足球巨星。

　　亚马孙狂欢节起源于17世纪一只公牛获救的传说，后来当地人将牛作为狂欢节的象征。现在这个节日已成为巴西最盛大的民族传统节日，极富亚马孙地区的印第安人特色。每年吸引大量游客前来观摩。

　　新闻出版：2000年，全国日报有500种，杂志1485种，发行量在15万份以上的主要报刊有：《圣保罗页报》、《圣保罗州报》、《环球报》、《人民邮报》、《零点》等。主要杂志有：《请看》、《这就是》、《时代》等，均为周刊。

　　据2001年统计，全国有广播电台2965家，其中调频台1418家。大多为私人所有，巴西广播公司为官方电台。大型电视台有七家，“环球台”为全国最大私营电视台，全国覆盖面达99.77％。其他较大的私营电视台有“巴西电视网”和“班特兰德斯”等。政府管理的有两家，即国家电视台和教育电视台。上述电台和电视台均使用葡萄牙语。

　　外交：奉行独立自主，不干涉别国内政的外交政策。提出外交政策的重点是为经济服务。注意加强同第三世界国家的关系。

　　与中国关系：中国与巴西早在一百多年前就开始了交往，建在里约热内卢蒂茹卡国家公园的中国亭是对于1812年来此传艺的中国茶农永久的纪念。1974年8月15日两国建交以来，政治、经济、贸易、文化、科技合作顺利发展。两国高层互访频繁。江泽民主席于1993年11月和2001年4月访问过巴西。1995年12月，巴西总统卡多佐对中国进行国事访问。2004年5月，卢拉总统对中国进行国事访问，双方签署联合公报。2004年11月，胡锦涛主席对巴西进行国事访问。两国政府为建立长期、稳定、互利的战略伙伴关系作出了不懈努力。1999年中巴联合研制的第一颗地球资源卫星发射成功。2004年7月，中巴合作生产的支线飞机首次进入我国国内航空市场。目前，巴西是中国在拉美最大的贸易伙伴，中国是巴西的第四大贸易伙伴和第三大出口市场。2003年，双边贸易额达79.86亿美元。1986年11月24日，北京同里约热内卢结为姊妹城。

Brazil general situation
???? country:Brazil federal republic
??????????( The? Federative? Republic? of? Brazil,
???????????? Rep ú blica? Federativa? do? Brasil)?

????? national flag:? Distance that report the rectangular, and grow with the breadth it than for 10 ∶ 7. The ensign ground is green, in the center is a yellow rhombus, its four topses and ensign sides all equal. The rhombus in the center is a 蓝色 day ball 仪 , its up have the white of an arch form to take. Green, the yellow is a Brazilian national beauty. Abundant 矿藏 of that bush of vast country of green symbol, yellow representative is with the resources. Day 26 states for ball arch on the 仪 form white taking surface of sphere is divided intoing the top and bottom twoth parts, second half department symbol Southern Hemisphere 星空 , different white of its last size fifth Cape 星 representative Brazilianlies are with a federal area. The white take to up writes the “ order with progresses with Portuguese text".??

????National insignia:? The pattern is in the center outstanding a big five Cape 星 , independence of nation symbol and solidify. Big five 蓝色 circle in Cape 星 s up have five small five ten horoscopes of Cape 星 s, representative south; Have in the circle wreath 22 small five each state of Cape 星 s, representative Brazils are with the federal area. Big five Cape 星 surroundings surround the garland, back of useful coffee leaf that weave to stand up with tobacco leaf on carry under fifth Cape 星 s the sword, hilt of a swording. The 绶 take to up write the “ Brazil the federal republic with Portuguese text", “ 1889 November 15".( the republic establish the day)?

????Important festival:??????

???????? independent day:September 7?(1822)

????????? National Day:September 7
(1822)
????????? Indian's day:April 19?

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Brazil Rio de Janeiro 著 ' s melon 纳 the 巴 pull the gulf
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???? national high-ranking officials:? Does the president's 卢 pulls the · to reach a 尔 tile?( Lula? da? Silva)?, The 2002 win an election October, and the 2003 is on January 1 a 职 .?

????Nature geography:854.7 ten thousand square kilometer, is Latin- American biggest nation of the area. Locate the southeast department in South America. The north 邻 method belong to Guyana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela with Columbia, west 邻 Peru, Bolivia, the south connect the Paraguay, Argentina be close to Atlantic Ocean with Uruguay, east. The coast line grow more than 7400 seseses, territorial waters width 12 outside 专 of nautical miles, territorial waterses belong to the economic area 188 nautical mile. National territory 80% locate the tropical region, most the south carry to belong to subtropics weather. Northern part the plain of second horse Sun belong to the average air temperature of equator weather, year 27 － 29 ℃ . The central part plateau belong to the drought, raining season of tropical steppe weather, cent. South department average air temperature in region 16 － 19 ℃ .?

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Brazil card that body does the in beautiful attire pull the 雅族 ?
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The Brazil south compares the card tile to pull the 族
The person proceeds bow and arrow game
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Body the in beautiful attire's Brazil 帕 tower
The 肖族 spring ups the race to dance
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???? Population:1.696 hundred million(2000)s, occupy the world population of 2.8%, reside to pull beautiful and first. among them the white man occupy54.?03%, black and white mixed blood the person occupy39.?94%, the black race person occupy5.?39%, the yellow race person occupy 0.46%, the Indian is roughly to occupy0.?16%.The Portuguese language is an authorities language.71% of the resident believe in the Catholic.?Brazil “ Indian's day"?

???? capital:? Brazil is benefit second( Brasilia)?, The population is roughly 204.32 myriad people(2000) s, melted the 汇 the world thou to construct the art's essence now, and have the “ world the building exposition" it call. The city construct by the side of artificial lake, then three power squares resemble a head for cores, shape with an eastern exposure airplane of square 巨 type.1987 the year, United Nations teach section text how to organize to declare to list as the human culture wealth of “ the second city of Brazil benefit".??

????The administrative area rows:The whole nation totally is divided intoes 26 stateses to establish the municipal, whole nation to totally have with 1 federal area( Brazil second federal area of benefit), state down 5507 City, among them 15 above have 79,100 above have 12.(1999)Name of each state is as follows: 阿 gram, Allah 戈斯 , second horse Sun, 阿 horse 帕 , 巴 the 伊 is second, 塞 Allah, saint 埃斯 skin the second 斯 , horse of diagram, 戈 pull the 尼 the 昂 , horse 托格罗 the 索 , south horse 托格罗 the 索 , rice 纳斯 the 吉 to pull the 斯 , 帕 to pull, the 帕 pull the 伊 the 巴 , 巴 to pull the that, 伯 south cloth the elder brother, skin 奥 the 伊 , north 奥格 the 兰 is virtuous, south 奥格 the 兰 is virtuous, many 尼 s in Rio de Janeiro, 朗 are second, the rare 培 , 托 of 尔 of 罗 , 塞 of 琳 , saint 保 of horse, saint card tower of 罗赖 axe the 廷斯 .??

????Chien's history:The ancient times Brazil for printing peaceful person of ground live the groundses.1500 year April 22 the cloth of Portuguese navigator card pull the 尔 to arrive the Brazil.16 century the 沦 is a Portuguese colony.1807Year Nepoleon invades Portugal, 葡 royal house to escape the Brazil the empress, Brazil in reality the 葡 ' s empire the 葡 royal house of center.1821 year move to return Lisbon, prince to wear the virtuous 罗 to stay the Brazil term the 摄政 the king.1822Year September 7 the winning is independent, and establish the Brazil the empire.1888 the year abrogates May slave's system.1889Year November 15 丰塞 card the general stage the coup to abrogate the 帝 system, and establish the republic.1891年2月24日通过第一部共和国宪法，定国名为巴西合众国。1960The year be moved by Rio de Janeiro capital is toward the Brazil benefit second.1964 March 31 of years, soldier's coup go on stage, practice the 独 to cut the governance, and change the country the by name Brazil the federal republic in 1967.

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1931Year October 12, high 30 riceseses, heavy 1145 tonseses, last the engineering's Christ 石 of 10 year the statue
At around the original camel hump top of hill of municipal stand on end.
It is one of the symbol thing of Rio de Janeiro Cities
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???? Politics: In 1988 the new constitution promulgating on October 5 rules, and the president be produced by direct election, and cancel direct power of ordinance promulgation of president. The president is a national head of state with the government mastermind 兼 armed forces' commander in chief.1994 year with 1997 the parliament pass the constitution revision bill, and distinguish the provision to shorten president's tenure as four years, president with each state, mayor can all connect to choose to serve another term. The citizen parliament be constitute, exercised by federal 参议院 is with the House of Representatives legislative power, for the country tallest power organization in house.The main working talent establishes the whole laws in the federal scopes; Certain period and armed power number of peace; The establishment whole nation is with the region development plan; Declare the general amnesty the ream; The authorization president declares the war or peace; The approval president visit with vice- President; Grant or cancel the federal to interfere or impose curfew; Investigate the president 账 the 目 ; The approval president signs the international treaty; The decision is temporary to move capital the etc.. the cabinet is a government administration organization, cabinet the member be appointment to officed by president.

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The biggest 保 benefit in the city saint 保罗 City of Brazil 斯
The avenue ascends the lofty financing institution mansion. Saint 保罗
Is a Brazilian finance, business with the manufacturing industry center.
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Economy:? River of second horse Sun that Brazil nature term with abundant resources. It is river valley that horizontal 贯 is northern part is wide in the world, biggest river of the discharge. Vegetable contain the lung of the “ the Earth" of the area of second horse Sun forest calling amount to 750 ten thousand square kilometer, occupy the world forest one of the area's three centseses, among them big the part locate Brazil inshore. Extremely have on the fifth river 巴 of southern world of west pull that river big 瀑 cloth of Su of sublime 伊 melon, Brazil match the quilt 誉 that set up with Paraguay for the biggest water electricity of world that “ century engineering" to stand the 伊泰 the 普 water the electricity to stand and then set up on the 巴 pull that river. Brazil 矿产 the resources is abundant, and primarily there is iron, uranium, aluminum 矾 soil, manganese, petroleum, natural gas and coal etc.. Among them and already clear iron mine sand of 探 the 储 measure to 650 hundred million tons, yield with export to measure to all reside the world the first. Uranium 矿 , aluminum 矾 soil is with the manganese 矿 the 储 measure to all reside the world the third. Technique level that Brazil pull the beautiful the first economic giant, and have forer complete industry system, industry production value to reside to pull the beautiful head. steel, car, build the ship, petroleum, chemical engineering, electric power, make the shoe etc. The profession to possess the great reputation, 核 the electricity, communication, electronics, airplane the manufacturing, information, soldier the work to wait the realm in the world to have already across intoed the world advanced countries the row or column. Brazil is the biggest coffee of world to produce the country with export the country, and have the “ coffee the Kingdom" it call, and the sugar cane is with the orange's yield to also reside the world's head. The soybean yield reside the world the second, corn yield to reside the world the third. Brazil is only next to the United States produce the country with the third candy of Germany's world. Various candy yield annually amount to 800 hundred million. Candy industry year production value is 5 hundred million US$. Every year export the candy 5 ten thousand tons are or so. Livestock husbandry that the national arable land area is roughly 4 hundred million hectares, quilt 誉 are the world 粮 of “ twenty- One centuries 仓 ". Brazil prosper very much, then keep the cow is lord. The 巴 is a big country of South America steel, for the world the country of the sixth 产 steel, steel material export to amount to 1200 ten thousand ton, occupy the total deal of national steel material of 54%. Also pull the ninth car of beautiful the first, world to produce the big country. Point that Brazilianly travel the long and negative 盛 of industry, for the world ten big travel to create the one of the 汇 countries. Primarily travel to church contain 罗 , El Salvador in Rio de Janeiro, saint 保 with the old building, Brazil of thou benefit cloth of second city, 伊 melon Su 瀑 is with the 伊泰普 the water electricity stand, agate 斯 free port, money the city, 巴 pull that 石 the wood with the etc. of big marsh ground.??Currency: Second 尔 of thunder>>>????? Brazil does the sea beach romantic feeling draw the >>>? Brazil 览胜 :(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

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Second — of Brazil benefit the most young and human culture of the — inheritance
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???? “ coffee Kingdom" is —— Brazil? Pull the beautiful and big country the Brazil with the coffee quality the 优 , flavor is thick but famous world, is biggest coffee in the world to produce the country with export to country, vegetable contain “ coffee the Kingdom" it call.?

????Labor force that Original 产 of coffee is in Africa's 埃塞俄 the ratio is second, and stream into the Brazil in 1727. Coffee that Brazil locate South America the southeast, ground tropical zone and subtropics, the special geography suit to plant the coffee, add with weather term very cheap, the coffee plant the quick rise of industry.19 century, Brazilian plant to almost spread over the whole nation, and again become to keep on the long “ coffee of a century the prosperous period later on". The big area of coffee plant, gave to Brazil brought the wealth with prosper.20Century beginning, Brazil of 7 10 5% that coffee yield occupy the world the total yield is above, from but won the “ coffeed the Kingdom" of beautiful call.?

????The coffee is Brazil an one of the pillars. The whole nation have consumedly small and small coffee plantation 50 ten thousandses, plant the area roughly 220 ten thousand hectare, amount to from the industry population 600 many ten thousand, year 产 coffee 200 ten thousand tons are or so, and the year export to create the 汇 near 20 hundred million US$. in recent years, because of export the constructioning of the variety be in a rut with international coffee market, Brazil coffee produce with export measure to have the descent.

????Emergence, Brazilian that Cool love coffee of Brazilian.60 the age, Brazilian is all the year coffee consume to measure to amount to 5 · 8 kilogram. In the last two decades, along with the other beverage all the coffee consume to measure to still exceed 3 kilogram.In the Brazil, wether in the city or country, the assorted coffee shop is everywhere therefore. People can almost and at any time and anywhere and drink the hot coffee of the thick 郁 fragrance.

????Big country of “ football" is —— Brazil? Brazil is a big country of world football. The football exercise to is not only is Brazil civil of common a fondness for, but also the pride of whole race. Football club that Brazil occupation ball team it is many, it may be said the world's 冠 . Formally register the registration to already have more than 2 10000, be engaged in the number of the football sport to over million. Besides king of baseball shell benefit, Brazil still own the 济 the section, Su's 格 to pull the bottom, card thunder the card, 罗纳 the 尔 many, the tile 尔 is much, Rome the 奥 wait a large quantity the football star of the world class.

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The carnival of second horse Sun originates 17 centuries an only bull legend that rescue, afterwards the native son be used as the cow to revel the symbol of the stanza. Now this festival have become the traditional festival of largest race, pole 富 of Brazil the Indian of the region of second horse Sun the special features. every year draw on the large quantity visitor to come to observe and learn.
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????The news publishes: In 2000, the national newspaper have 500 1485 kindseses, issuance ? kinds, magazine measure at 15 more than ten thousand main newspapers and magazineses have: Round- the- World report of 》 , 《 of 》 , 《 saint 保罗 state report of 《 saint 保罗 page report 》 , 《 people 邮 report 》 , 《 the zero order the 》 etc.. The main magazine have: The 《 pleases see the 》 , 《 thises is a 》 , 《 ages 》 etc., all for the weekly magazine.

????According to the covariance, whole nation of the 2001 contain 2965 houses ? broadcasting station, among them 1418 houses ? frequency modulation set. Big many for private and all, the Brazil broadcast the company for authorities broadcasting station. Large television station contain seven round- the- World sets" amount to for national and biggest privately owned television station, of national 覆 cover 99.77%. Other and bigger privately owned television station contain “ Brazil television net the" and “ class 特兰 virtuous 斯 " wait. What government manage have two house, then national television station is with the educational TV set. the above broadcasting station use the Portuguese language with television station all.?

????Point that Diplomacy: Carry out the independent independence, hands- off do not the foreign policy of the country domestic affairs. Bring up the foreign policy to is for economy to serve. The attention enhance the 同 the relation of nation the third world.?

????With the China relation: Chinese 亭 that many year agos of as early as a hundred in China and Brazil started company with, set upping in the Rio de Janeiro 蒂茹 card national park is for 1812 in the last years this spread the 艺 ' s permanence of Chinese tea agriculture August 15 of memorial.1974 year two countries have diplomatic relation since then, politics, economy, trade, culture, technology cooperation smooth development. Two high layer of countrieses with each other visit multifarious.Jiang Zeming's chairman in 1993 November and visited April in 2001 many 佐s of president's cards of December of Brazil.1995 years, Brazils proceeds to China national affairs interview.2004年5月，卢拉总统对中国进行国事访问，双方签署联合公报。2004Year November, the Hu Jintao's chairman proceeds to Brazil national affairs interview.两国政府为建立长期、稳定、互利的战略伙伴关系作出了不懈努力。1999In year the 巴 unite the first the Earth resources that research to manufacture the satellite blast-off the success.2004年7月，中巴合作生产的支线飞机首次进入我国国内航空市场。Now, Brazil is China at pull beautiful and biggest trading partner, China and is Brazilian and the fourth 贸易伙伴和第三大出口 ? The 2003, double the side trade volume amount to 79.86 hundred million US$.1986年11月24日，北京同里约热内卢结为姊妹城。

Brazil

Federative Republic of Brazil

National name: República Federativa do Brasil

National holiday:Independence Day, 7 September (1822)

Constitution:5 October 1988

Legal system:based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote

Area: 3,286,470 sq mi (8,511,965 sq km)

Population (2005 est.): 186,112,794 (growth rate: 1.1%); birth rate: 16.8/1000; infant mortality rate: 29.6/1000; life expectancy: 71.7; density per sq mi: 57

Capital (2003 est.): Brasília, 2,160,100

Largest cities: São Paulo, 18,847,400 (metro. area), 10,195,000 (city proper); Rio de Janeiro, 11,437,100 (metro. area), 6,119,800 (city proper); Salvador, 2,590,400; Belo Horizonte, 2,347,500; Recife, 1,485,500; Porto Alegre, 1,372,700

Monetary unit: Real

Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

Ethnicity/race: white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish) 55%, mixed white and black 38%, black 6%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%

Religion: Roman Catholic 80%

Literacy rate: 80% (2003 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2004 est.): $1.492 trillion; per capita $8,100. Real growth rate: 5.1%. Inflation: 7.6%. Unemployment: 11.5%. Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef. Labor force: 89 million; agriculture 20%, industry 14%, services 66% (2003 est.). Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment. Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber. Exports: $95 billion (f.o.b., 2004 est.): transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos. Imports: $61 billion (f.o.b., 2004 est.): machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil. Major trading partners: U.S., Argentina, China, Netherlands, Germany, Japan (2003).

Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 38.81 million (2002); mobile cellular: 46,373,300 (2003). Radio broadcast stations: AM 1,365, FM 296, shortwave 161 (of which 91 are collocated with AM stations) (1999). Television broadcast stations: 138 (1997). Internet hosts: 3,163,349 (2003). Internet users: 14.3 million (2002).

Transportation: Railways: total: 29,412 km (1,567 km electrified) (2004). Highways: total: 1,724,929 km; paved: 94,871 km; unpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000). Waterways: 50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2004). Ports and harbors: Gebig, Itaqui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, San Sebasttiao, Santos, Sepetiba Terminal, Tubarao, Vitoria. Airports: 4,136 (2004 est.).

International disputes: unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute with Uruguay over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada boundary streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina; in 2004 Brazil submitted its claims to UNCLOS to extend its maritime continental margin.

Geography
Brazil covers nearly half of South America and is the continent's largest nation. It extends 2,965 mi (4,772 km) north-south, 2,691 mi (4,331 km) east-west, and borders every nation on the continent except Chile and Ecuador. Brazil may be divided into the Brazilian Highlands, or plateau, in the south and the Amazon River Basin in the north. Over a third of Brazil is drained by the Amazon and its more than 200 tributaries. The Amazon is navigable for ocean steamers to Iquitos, Peru, 2,300 mi (3,700 km) upstream. Southern Brazil is drained by the Plata system—the Paraguay, Uruguay, and Paraná Rivers.

Government
Federal republic.

History
Brazil is the only Latin American nation that derives its language and culture from Portugal. The native inhabitants mostly consisted of the nomadic Tupí-Guaraní Indians. Adm. Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed the territory for Portugal in 1500. The early explorers brought back a wood that produced a red dye, pau-brasil, from which the land received its name. Portugal began colonization in 1532 and made the area a royal colony in 1549.

During the Napoleonic Wars, King João VI, fearing the advancing French armies, fled Portugal in 1808 and set up his court in Rio de Janeiro. João was drawn home in 1820 by a revolution, leaving his son as regent. When Portugal tried to reimpose colonial rule, the prince declared Brazil's independence on Sept. 7, 1822, becoming Pedro I, emperor of Brazil. Harassed by his Parliament, Pedro I abdicated in 1831 in favor of his five-year-old son, who became emperor in 1840 (Pedro II). The son was a popular monarch, but discontent built up, and in 1889, following a military revolt, he abdicated. Although a republic was proclaimed, Brazil was ruled by military dictatorships until a revolt permitted a gradual return to stability under civilian presidents.

President Wenceslau Braz cooperated with the Allies and declared war on Germany during World War I. In World War II, Brazil again cooperated with the Allies, welcoming Allied air bases, patrolling the South Atlantic, and joining the invasion of Italy after declaring war on the Axis powers.

After a military coup in 1964, Brazil had a series of military governments. Gen. João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo became president in 1979 and pledged a return to democracy in 1985. The election of Tancredo Neves on Jan. 15, 1985, the first civilian president since 1964, brought a nationwide wave of optimism, but when Neves died several months later, Vice President José Sarney became president. Collor de Mello won the election of late 1989, pledging to lower hyperinflation with free-market economics. When Collor faced impeachment by Congress because of a corruption scandal in Dec. 1992 and resigned, Vice President Itamar Franco assumed the presidency.

A former finance minister, Fernando Cardoso, won the presidency in the Oct. 1994 election with 54% of the vote. Cardoso sold off inefficient government-owned monopolies in the telecommunications, electrical power, port, mining, railway, and banking industries.

In Jan. 1999, the Asian economic crisis spread to Brazil. Rather than prop up the currency through financial markets, Brazil opted to let the currency float, which sent the real plummeting—at one time as much as 40%. Cardoso was highly praised by the international community for quickly turning around his country's economic crisis. Despite his efforts, however, the economy continued to slow throughout 2001, and the country also faced an energy crisis. The IMF offered Brazil an additional aid package in Aug. 2001. And in Aug. 2002, to ensure that Brazil would not be dragged down by neighboring Argentina's catastrophic economic problems, the IMF agreed to lend Brazil a phenomenal $30 billion over fifteen months.

In Jan. 2003, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a former trade union leader and factory worker widely known by the name Lula, became Brazil's first working-class president. As leader of Brazil's only Socialist party, the Workers' Party, Lula pledged to increase social services and improve the lot of the poor. But he also recognized that a distinctly non-socialist program of fiscal austerity was needed to rescue the economy. The president's first major legislative success was a plan to reform the country's debt-ridden pension system, which operated under an annual $20 billion deficit. Civil servants staged massive strikes opposing this and other reforms. Although public debt and inflation remained a problem in 2004, Brazil's economy showed signs of growth and unemployment was down. Polls in Aug. 2004 demonstrated that the majority of Brazilians supported Lula's tough economic reform efforts.

In 2005, an unfolding bribery scandal weakened Lula's administration and led to the resignation of several high government officials. Lula issued a televised apology in August, and promised “drastic measures” to reform the political system.