奔月 番外:谁有关于"虚拟语气"的讲义或课件

虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）
虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。

语法:虚拟语气讲义：很详细的可以看下面这个网址：）
http://www.sfujc.com/html/jcEng/Engyf/19.html

详细的语法讲义下载，包括虚拟语气：）
http://www.sfujc.com/html/jcEng/Engyf/

动词的语气
基础讲解
英语的动词一般可以带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用不同的形式来表示，有的还借助句法形式来表达。
1．陈述语气用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。
eg: Most people have mastered their mother tongue by the age of five.
We canl learn faster if we develop study skills.
It didn’t take us long to get used to it.
How should we act towards people infected with AIDS?
what a great man he was!
2.祈使语气用来表示请求，命令，警告或劝告等。
eg: Don’t read in the sun.
Never forget your duty.
Be quiet!
3.虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而只是一种愿望，假设，怀疑，建议，猜测或纯粹的空想。虚拟语气在虚拟条件复合句中的动词形式和用法如下。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设。
虚拟条件从句 主句
动词过去式
(be动词只用were) should/would/could/might + 动词原形(注：should用于第一人称，would用于各人称)
eg: If I were you, I should go and see the dentist at once.
She doesn’t know what you have done. If she knew, she would be very anger.
If they had time, they would study Italian, too.
(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设。
虚拟条件从句 主句
had + 过去分词 should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词
eg: If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
If she hadn’t been so strict with herself, she wouldn’t have made such great progress.

(3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设。
虚拟条件从句 主句
（1）动词过去式（be动词只用were）
（2）should + 动词原形
（3）were to + 动词原形 should/would/could/might + 动词原形（这里的should可用于各种人称，表示“万一”或“果然”之意）
eg: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friend there.
If it should rain, the crops could be saved.
I’m sure she will never ask me such questions again. If she were to ask them again, I would refuse to answer her.
(4)混合虚拟条件句：当虚拟条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不同时，从句和主句的动词就要根据各自的具体时间要使用所需要的形式。这种句子叫作混合虚拟语气。
eg: If you hadn’t trained so hard, you wouldn’t be able to run so fast.
If you were in better health, we would allow you to join them is the work in two days.
(5)含蓄虚拟条件句：有时候虚拟条件不是用条件句来表示，而是根据上下文，用介词或介词短语（如：without, in the absence of ,but for）,副词（otherwise, or）,不定式短语或分词等来表示。
eg: Without sunlight(=If there were no sunlight), there would be no green trees.
In the absence of him(=If he were absent from the party), the party would not be interesting at all.
But for air(=If there wereno air), there would be no living things.
I lost your address, otherwise(=If I hadn’t lost it), I would have visited you long before.
Taking a train(=If you had taken a train), you would have arrived the day before yesterday.
(6)if only 条件句:这种虚拟句只有if only这一从句,其中only还可以省去,主句一般都省去,但主句的意义仍然存在。用来表示说话人的某种强烈的愿望，译作“要是……就好了”。
eg: If only I could help you!
If (only) he were here now!
(7)虚拟条件句的省略与倒装：当虚拟条件中有be动词，助动词had或情态动词should时，可将if省略，同时将were, had, should置于句首。
eg: Were I you, I would certainly go with him.
Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier, you could have caught the train.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
4．其它形式的虚拟语气
（1）在宾语从句中的用法
①在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command, propose, desire等动词后做宾语从句时，表示欲望，建议，命令等时，用虚拟语气。
eg: The PLA men ordered that all the enemy (should) give up.
I suggest that we (should) visit that school.
注意：1.suggest：有两种意思，当“建议”时，后面的宾从用虚拟，当“暗示”“表明”时，宾从不用虚拟。eg: He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
His face suggested that he was angry.
2.insist：当“坚称”解，不用虚拟，当“坚决要求”“硬要”时，用insist on doing，或宾从不用虚拟。eg: He insisted that he was innocent.
He insisted that they should show him their passports.
②在wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态应用类似在非真实条件句中从句时态的应用---时态后移。
a.与现在（当时）事实相反的假设，用过去时。
eg: I wish I were you.
How I wish it wasn’t raining.
b.与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时
eg: I wish I had learned more.
He wishes he hadn’t made the big mistake.
c.与将来的愿望相反，即愿望难以实现，用过去将来时
eg: I wish I could be of more use in the future.
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance.
(2)在主语从句中的用法
用necessary等词，表示建议，要求，惊奇等时，要用虚拟语气。句型：
① It is natural (suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, important, surprising, strange, funny) + that + 主语+ （should）+动词原形
②It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, a honour) + that + 主语+ （should）+动词原形
eg: It is strange that he should go himself.
It is a pity that you should miss a good chance.
注：上述情况也可以用陈述语气，只叙述事实，不表示情绪。因而高考很少涉及此类。
（3）在表语从句或同位语从句中的用法
用suggestion等词表示愿望，建议，命令等情绪时，用虚拟语气。这类的词还有：suggestion, proposal, order, insistence, extrordinary, plan, idea等。
eg: My suggestion is that we should do the experiment again.
His proposal that they should challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher.
真枪实战
1.If I ____ that chance to show my ability, I ____ the president of this school.
A. have not had, could not become B. had not had, would not have become
C. did not have , could not become D. doesn’t have ,will not become
2.He ____ by that burglar if you ____ to save him.
A. might have been killed, hadn’t come B. will be killed, didn’t come
C. may be killed, didn’t come D. could be killed, haven’t come
3.I ____ try it again if I ____ you.
A. will ,am B. should, am C. would, were D. would, had been
4.Some women ____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.
A. would make B. must make C. could have made D. should have made
5.If it ____ for your help, I ____ that hard time with so little money.
A. were not ,would not spend B. is not, can not spend
C. had not been, could not have spent D. have no been, will not spend
6.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ____ now.
A. wouldn’t be smiling B. won’t smile C. didn’t smile D. couldn’t smiled
7.What would have happened ____, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked father B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
8.If we ____ earlier, we ____ there now.
A. started, would have been B. had started, would have been C. would start, are D. had started, were
9.If it ____ not for the water, the plants ____ live.
A. were ,could not B. is, could not C. were, could D. did, could not
10.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
11.____ he fail in this exam, he ____ very sad.
A. if ,is B. if, will be C. should, will be D. should ,would be
12.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
13.Where ____ you go if war ____?
A. will, breaks out B. do ,will break out C. would, ere to break out D. will ,is to break out
14.If only I ____ that beautiful skirt to put on.
A. had B. have C. has D. could have
15.If your teacher ____ this matter next week , she ____ blame you .
A. could know, will B. knew, would C. knew ,will D. knows, may
16.____ I ____ more money with me that day, I ____ you some.
A. did, have , could lend B. have, had, would lend
C. had, have, would have lent D. had, had ,would have lent
17.He could have helped you, though he ____ busy.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
18.-How dangerous it was!
-Yes, but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ____.
A. was drowned B. could have been drowned C. had drowned D. should be drowned
19.The director insisted the plan ____ reasonable and we ____.
A. was, carry it out B. were, carried it out C. was, carried it out D. be, carry it out
20.I advised that he ____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____ quite well them.
A. be sent, was feeling B. was sent, felt C. be sent, feel D. should be sent, should feel
21.It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
A. circles B. is circling C. has been circling D. were circling
22.-What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?
- He suggested that she ____an operation at once.
A. must have B. had C. have D. had had
23.It was required that each student _____ enough food on the trip.
A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring
24.It’s time you _____ some reading or the other students will leave you behind.
A. get along with B. got down to C. get in touch with D. got back
25.Without electricity human life ____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
26.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
27.If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
28.How I wish every family ____ a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
29.The old professor gave orders that the experiment ____ before 6.
A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished
30.It is necessary that the lazy boy _____ the class meeting.
A. will attend B. attends C. attend D. attended
31.I would rather Mary _____ home next Sunday.
A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going
32.We dare not play jokes on him lest he ____ angry.
A. becomes B. should become C. became D. have become
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我的原版是WORD版的，所以这里面有很多格式不支持，但希望对你有所帮助。可以发信到我的电子邮件写明，我会再发过去的。