张妍华丈夫:一个初中英语问题 求各位帮忙

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情景动词有哪些? 除了有CAN还有什么 ? 用它们提出的疑问句应怎样做肯定 否定回答{请完整回答}

先纠正一下,这个世界上没有情景动词,应该"情态动词”。
情态动词有:
1.can 可以,能 (过去式为could )
Can you help me?
yes, I can.
No, I can't(cannot).
2.could (can的过去式,不是用在过去式时意思和can一样,语气比can要弱)
Could I lend your pen?
Yes,you could.
No, you couldn't.
3. shall 将,要( 过去式为should)
Shall I go with my mother?
Yes, you shall.
No, you shan't.
4.should 应该
Should I finish these work first?
Yes,you should.
No, you shouldn't.
5.will 将,要,用于第二,三人称( 过去式为 would)
Will you go with us?
Yes, I will.
No, I won't.
6.would ( will的过去式,不是用在过去式时意思和will一样,语气比will弱)
Would you come tomorrow?
Yes, I would.
No, I wouldn't.
7.may 可以 (过去式为 might )
May I have a rest?
Yes, you may.
No, you can't.
8.might 可以,may的过去式,不是用在过去式时意思和may一样,语气比may 要弱
Might I have something to drink?
Yes, you might.
No, you can't(couldn't)
9.must 必须 (过去式为:had to )
Must I finish my homework before I go home?
Yes, you must
No, you needn't.
10.Need 需要 (过去式不变)
Need I clean the room today?
Yes, you must
No, you needn't.
11.have to 必须
Do you have to go to school today?
Yes, I do.
No, I don't.
12.ought to 应该,语气比 should 强(过去式不变)
Ought I to go?
Yes, you ought (to)
No, you oughtn't (to).
13.dare 敢(过去式为 dared 或dare )
Dare he go alone?
Yes, he dare.
No, he daren't.
14.had better 最好(过去式不变)
Had I better take care of it?
Yes,you had.
No, you hadn't.
以上为情态动词,情态动词后面直接跟动词原形。
情态动词没有分词形式。

情态动词

21.1 情态动词的语法特征

1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
情态动词

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1 情态动词的语法特征

1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。

2 比较can 和be able to

1)can could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2)只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

注意:could不表示时态

1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。

3 比较may和might

1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2) 成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.

典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。

4 比较have to和must

1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.

3) 在否定结构中: don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

5 must表示推测

1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较:
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。

4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

5) 否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。

6 表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:

1)情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3)情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。

7 情态动词+ have +过去分词

1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.

3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

8 should 和ought to

should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。

9 had better表示"最好"

had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
She'd better not play with the dog.

had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come earlier.

10 would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿",本题为疑问句,would 提前,所以选B。

11 will和would

注意:
1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me?
2)Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake?
3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?

12 情态动词的回答方式

问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't
Must you…? /don't have to.

典型例题
1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might。复习: will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。

2)---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必,不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't。

3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心,选B。

13 带to 的情态动词

带to 的情态动词有四个:ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否定形式应予以注意:
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词协助。

典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have。

14 比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词: need (需要, 要求)
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。
Need you go yet?
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动:
need doing = need to be done

Could,may,would,should? Or?

1. 常用情态动词的基本用法

can , could 能,会
(could可以看作是can的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。)

1)表示脑力或体力上的能力
Nobody can stop the development of science .
谁也无法阻止科学的发展。
She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。
He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters .
他能潜入约二十米深的水中。
He could hardly support his family before he found the new job .他在找到那份新工作前几乎无 法养家。
I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith .
我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。

2)表示客观上的可能性
You can borrow this useful book from the library .
你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。
A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。
Now people can skate on the lake .现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。
When the storm stopped , the plane could take off .
当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了不得。

3)表示主观上的允许
Can I ask you some questions about it ?
我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗?
You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回来你才能离开。
Such kind of thing can't happen any more later .
这类事以后不准再发生了。
Can you tell me how to get to the airport ? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗?
Could you tell me how to get to the airport ?
您能告诉我怎么去机场吗?
Could I be forgiven my negligence ? 请原谅我的疏忽,行吗?

4)(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧
How can / could you be here ? 你怎么会在这儿?
She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that .
她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。
He couldn't / can't be over seventy .他不可能有七十多岁了。
Where could / can the boy be now ? 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢?

另外,could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候,could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如:

Could you speak a little slowly ?
您能稍微说慢一点儿吗?
I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment .
恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。
I could come earlier if asked .
如果要让我早一点来,我可以来早一点。
We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help .
如果您能为我们提供帮助的话,我们将不甚感激。
You could have done better if you had worked harder at it .
如果你再加把劲,本来可以干得更好一些的。

may , might 或许,可能,可以
(might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)

1)可能性
I may be busy from tomorrow on .从明天起我可能会忙起来。
You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning .你在早晨五点钟以前起来,或许能从这儿看到日出。
I wondered if they might agree with the idea .我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。
She thought it might be wise to try her luck here .
她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。

2)表示允许
May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?
I'd like to have a smoke here if I may .
如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。
The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days .
图书馆理员告诉她说,她可以在三天后还那本书。
At the press conference , a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue.
在记者招待会上,一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。

3) may间或用来表示祝愿,也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中:
May that day come soon .但愿这天早日到来。
May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game .
祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。
May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuccesses .
祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。

4) might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中,或用于虚拟语气的结构中:
I could not convince him , try as I might .我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。
They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train .
那天,他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。
He died so that the others might live .
为了其他的人能活下去,他自己牺牲了。
If you had made better use of your time , you might have learned more .假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些,你本可以学到更多东西的。
One error in calculation might ruin the whole project .
计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。

注意:在回答以may引导的问句时,一般说来避免使用may,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。例如:

--May I come in ? --Yes , please .请进。
我可以进来吗? --Sure . / Certainly . .请进。
--Please don't . .请不要进来。
--No , you mustn't .不行。

must 应该,必须,一定

1) 表示出于职责、义务该做某事
We must protect people's rights .我们应该保护人民的利益。
Everyone must be loyal to his motherland .
每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。
You must serve the people when you grow up .
你们长大成人时应该服务于人民。
Students must work hard at their study .
学生应该努力学习。

2)表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事
We must speed up the pace of our economic reform .
我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。
We must keep steps to the scientific development .
我们一定要与科学的发展保持一致步调。
You must hurry up or you'll be late .
你必须得快点儿,不然会迟到的。

在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,have to自身有时态的变化形式。如:

I have to go now for I've got a meeting 15 minutes later.我现在必须要走了,因为我15分钟后有个会要开。
He has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten .
他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。
Jenny had to tidy up the room before her mother came back .
珍尼不得不在她妈妈回家以前将房间整理好。
We'll have to reconsider the whole thing .
我们将不得不重新考虑整个事情。

注意:在这种用法中,回答以must引导的问句时,若是否定答复,不可以用mustn't 而需要用needn't 或是don't have to,因为mustn't意思是"绝不能、一定不要",而没有"不必"的意思。例如:
--Must we hand in our exercises today ? 我们今天必须交作业吗?
--Yes , you must .是的,必须交。
--No , you needn't (or , you don't have to ).
不,不必今天交。

3)表示禁止(用于否定句)
You must not speak ill of others .
你一定不要说别人的坏话。
Cars must not parked here . 这里禁止停车。
Smoking must not allowed in the office .严禁在办公室吸烟。
You mustn't talk to girls like that .你绝不能那样对女孩子说话。

4)表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have + 过去分词。例如:
You must be tired after working so long .你工作这么久以后,肯定累了吧。
It must be that naughty boy crying outside .肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。
The idea must be accepted by the society sooner or later.
这种想法肯定或迟或早会被社会所接受的。
It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside .
外面这么湿,昨晚肯定下雨了。
I didn't see you in class yesterday. You must have been
absent .我昨天上课没见着你,你肯定没有来。

Ought (后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词)应该

1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You ought not to be so careless in your work .你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。
We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland.
我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。
His doctor said to him that he oughtn't to smoke so much .
他的大夫说他不应该抽这么多烟。
Oughtn't you to give us a chance to try ?
你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗?

2) 表示极有可能发生某事
As an auto repairman , Dick ought to know what is wrong with the car .
狄克作为一个汽车修理工总该知道这部车的毛病所在吧。
If we set off right now , we ought to be able to get there in time .
如果我们马上出发,我们应当能够按时到达那里。
Tomorrow ought to be a nice day for we have such a fine sunset today .
今天有这么好的晚霞,明天准是个晴天。

need(用于否定句和疑问句)需要
There are still one and a half hours to go , we needn't be insuch a hurry .
还有一个半小时,我们无需如此慌慌张张。
I hardly need say how much we missed you .不用说我们是多么想念你啊。
Need you go so soon ?你需要这么早就去吗?
You need have no anxiety on my account .你不必为我而着急。

dare , dared(用于否定句、疑问句和疑问句)敢
Dare you stay here alone in the night ? 你敢在夜里呆在这儿吗?
Nobody dared mention that matter. 没有人敢提那件事。
How dared you say that to her ? 你怎么敢对她说那件事?
Even if you dare do it , I won't allow you to because it's too dangerous .
即使你敢做,我也会让你做那件事,因为太危险了

shall 用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。
主要表示下面几层意思:
1)许诺
You shall hear everything directly you come .你一来就可以听到一切了。
"Whatever you want you shall have , "said the Fairy .
仙女说:"你想得到什么,你就可以有什么。"
I don't want to be hard on your daughter ; she shan't be pressed .
我不想对你女儿太严厉,她不会太受压的。
I promise that you shall see her again before long .
我保证你不久就能再见到她。

2)命令
You shall come to my office immediately .你必须马上来我的办公室。
She shall not stay in my garden .她不可以呆在我的花园里。
He shall not come into my study . 不许他进我的书房。
You shall do as you are told .按告诉你的那么做。

3)决心(表示某事一定会发生)
That day shall come .那一天一定会到来。
It has been decided that he shall be given the job .
肯定给他那份工作的事已经定下来了。
This law shall come into effect on January 1st 2001
这个法律于2001年元月1日生效。

4)规定
Each competitor shall wear a number .每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。
The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state .
租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。
The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after
receipt of the goods .卖方十月以前装运,买方在收到货物后十五天内付款。

should
(用作情态动词时,有时表示具体的意思,有时却没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面。)

1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .
你不应该匆匆忙忙地作出这么一个决定。
You should write to your parents at least once a month .
你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。
We should read English aloud every morning .
我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。
They should do it for their own good .
为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。

2)表示对某种情况的估计
She shouldn't be out in such an early morning .
她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。
The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices .
人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。
The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。
This book should be published in two months at most .
这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。

3)表示惊讶、失望等情绪
I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.
我认为,竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。
Why should I pay him for nothing ? 我干吗要无为地付给他钱?
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me .
这件事竟然发生在我身上似乎太不公平了。
It's strange that it should be so cold today .奇怪,今天怎么会这么冷。

4)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气
The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized .
大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。
If it had not been for the doctor's care the girl should not be speaking to you now .要不是由于大夫的精心照料,这个女孩现在就不能与你说话了。
She stood away so that he should enter the room first .
她让到一边,好让他第一个进入房间。
I'll write it down lest I should forget it 我将它记下以免遗忘。
Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain .
带上雨伞,以防万一下雨。

will , would
(would可以看作是will的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)

1)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求(在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉)
Will you tell her that I'll be back in twenty minutes ?
请告诉她我二十分钟后回来,好吗?
If you want help, just let me know , will you ?
你需要帮助就告诉我,好吗?
Won't you come in and have a little whisky ?
你要不要进来喝一点儿威士忌?(或是:你进来喝一点儿威士忌,好吗?)
Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center ?
您能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗?

2)用于表示愿望
Go where you will .去你想去的地方吧。
I will pay you at the rate you ask .我会按你要的利率付给你钱的。
He wouldn't let the doctor take his blood pressure .他不愿意让大夫给他量血压。
They had to obey whether they would or not .他们不得不遵从他们的意愿。

3)表示习惯、倾向(可译成"总是会、老是,等" )
Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon .
有时侯,那只猫总是整个下午都躺在那儿。
Oil and water will not mix .油和水决不能调和。
He would sit there for hours , doing nothing at all .
他总是在那儿一坐就是几个小时,什么都不干。

4)表示猜测(可译成"一定是……、想必……,等" )
This will be the house you're looking for .这想必就是你要找的房子吧。
He will have gone back to New Zealand .他一定是回新西兰去了。
The person you mentioned would be the father , is that right ?
你说的那个人一定是爸爸了,对吗?
That would be in 1999 , I think .那大概是在1999年吧。

5)will用于表示决心(可译成"一定要,决心,等" )
We will never talk about that subject again .
我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。
I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night .
我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。

6)would常用于虚拟条件句,表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况
But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。
Well , I wouldn't worry about it . It won't do me any good .
好了,我不会担心那件事的,因为它不会给我带来什么好处。

2. 关于情态动词后面接进行式和完成式的情况
一般说来,"进行式"表示动作正在发生或进行;"完成式"则表示动作是发生在过去或是表示按理是发生了但事实上却没有发生。下面我们分别讨论一下各种具体情况。

A. 关于情态动词后面接进行式的情况

can后面接进行式 表示可能正在发生的动作,例如:
What can she be doing at this moment ? 这个时候她会在做什么呢?
You can't be telling us the truth.你不可能在对我将真话。
Can he be still thinking of it I told him ?
他会不会还在考虑我告诉他的那件事呢?

may后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作,例如:
Your mother may be waiting for you to return home .
你妈妈可能正等着你回家吧。
She may be leaving for New York tomorrow or some day .
她或许明天或者什么时候会动身去纽约。
They may be returning back before Christmas .他可能圣诞节前回来。

might后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作,例如:
They might be planning to make a loan for their new project .
他们也许在为他们的新项目策划贷款的事。
She might still be crying for being wronged .
她或许因为受了冤枉还在啼哭。
You might be telling me a lie .你也许在对我撒谎。

must后面接进行式 表示想必正在做某事,例如:
You must be thinking where I learned it .你一定在想我是从哪儿知道这件事的。
They must be following us just a little behind us .
他们肯定在离我们不远的地方尾随着我们。
My brother must be sleeping in bed for it's so quiet in the house .
家里这么安静,我弟弟一定在床上睡觉。

should后面接进行式表示应该正在做某事,例如:
You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV.
现在你该在做作业而不是看电视。
You shouldn't be thinking about the solution only in one way .
你不应该只用一种方法考虑解决问题的办法。
Why should I be waiting here without doing anything ?
我凭什么在这儿白等。

B.关于情态动词后面接完成式的情况

can后面接完成式 表示可能已经做了某事。例如:
He can't have left home because the television is on .
因为电视还开着所以他不会离开家了。
Where can they have gone ? 他们会去了哪儿呢?
You can't have finished the novel so soon .
你不可能这么快就看完了那本小说。

could后面接完成式 表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做;它的否定形式则表示本不可能发生或本不可以做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如:
The output could have been increased by 15% .产量本可以提高百分之十五的。
How could he have forgotten him birthday ? 他怎么会忘了自己的生日呢?
Judging from her appearance and manner,she couldn't have been over fifty years old . 从她的仪表和举止来看,她不可能已有五十多岁了。

may后面接完成式 表示可能已经发生的动作。例如:
He may have had some training in Chinese Gongfu .他可能学过一些中国武术。
You may have narrowly missed her on your way to here.
你可能在来这儿的路上刚好与她错过了。
They may have seen that movie.他们或许看过那部电影。

might后面接完成式 表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做。例如:
They might have finished their work by now .他们现在或许已经完成任务。
She might have done better than that .你本可以做得比这更好一些的。
You might have learned more from him . 你本可以向他学到更多一些东西的。

must后面接完成式 表示想必已经发生的事。例如:
You must have talked about it with her before hand .你一定事先与她谈过这件事。
It must have snowed last night for it's so cold this morning .
今天早晨这么冷,昨晚一定下雪了。

ought to后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做;它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如:
They ought to have completed their work much earlier .
他们本应该在更早一些的时候完成他们的工作的。
You oughtn't to have left your keys in the office when you went out .
你不该出去的时候将钥匙留在办公室里。
I ought to have said it to her in a calmer mood .
我应该以更平静一些的语气对她说那件事的。

need后面接完成式主要用于否定句中,表示不必要做的事而已经做了。例如:
We needn't have read the Fast Reading materials before we do it in class .
我们在做快速阅读练习之前没有必要把阅读材料先看过了。
You needn't have apologized to him for nothing yesterday .
你昨天没有必要无为地向他道歉.

should后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做;它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如:
I should have written to you earlier. But I've really been busy .
我本应该早就给你写信的;不过我真的一直都很忙。
You shouldn't have left your son alone at home .
你不该将你儿子一个人留在家里的。
He shouldn't have broken the red light.
他不该闯红灯的。

3. 常用情态动词的用法比较
1)在表示"可能性"方面
can 、should 、may 、might这四个词都可以用来表示"可能性"。
但在表达的语气和程度方面有所不同:

can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而存在的可能性;其中should的主观性较强,往往含有"应该会怎么样"的意思。总体上说,这两个词在这方面的语气较强、较肯定。与之相比,may 和might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱些、没有那么肯定,表示主观意断的可能性,没有足够的客观依据。其中,might的语气更为委婉、更弱。例如:
You can't expect to be a top student without working hard at your study .(这种可能性很大。因为,不努力学习怎么能成为尖子生呢?)
This book should be found easily in the library .(说话人认为,图书馆应该有很多这类书籍,所以应该很容易找到。)
You may meet her at the party today.(说话人认为,你今天或许有机会、有可能见到她。)
You might mistake what I mean.(说话人婉转地说明,大概、也许你误会我的意思了。)

2)在表示"允诺"方面
在表示"允诺"的can ,may, might三个情态动词中,以might最为客气、委婉;may为居中;而can是表达这方面意思的普通词。在这种情况下,要根据具体情况来选用这三个情态动词。例如:
You can leave now . (用于熟识的人之间;或是公事公办的情况。)
May I trouble you with a question ?(用于礼貌地提出请求。)
Might I have another cup of coffee?(用于陌生或正式的场合,非常委婉、得体地提出请求。)

3)在表示"应该"方面
must ,ought, should都能用来表示"出于某种职责、义务而应该怎么样"的意思。以must的语气最强烈;ought为居中;而should是表达这方面意思的普通词。例如:
We must build our motherland into a strong country with four modernization .(语气很强烈。表示我们应该把自己的祖国建设成一个具有四个现代化的强国,而且我们非得这样做不可。)我们一定要将我们的祖国建成为一个具有四个现代化的强国。
Students ought to study hard .(这种用法较有针对性,较具体,作为学生要努力学习是责无旁贷的。学生应当努力学习。
Students should study hard .(这种用法可理解为一般的提法、号召。)
学生应该努力学习。

4)在表示"猜测"方面
在情态动词中can 、should 、may 、might 、must都可以用于表示"猜测"。实际上, "猜测"与"可能性"在逻辑上是有必然联系的。如果认为没有某种可能性,人们就不会作出某些猜测。因此,这里讨论的五个情态动词之间的区别与他们各自在表示"可能性"方面的差异是相关的。

-- 在五个情态动词中must的语气最为强烈,它是以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理,因此它所指的动作发生的可能性最大。

--can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而进行猜测,它们所指的动作有发生的可能性,但语气没有must那么肯定。其中should的主观性较强,

may may not
can can not
need need not
shall shall not
ought to ought not to
could could not

内容很多,不好说