生日蛋糕店利润:关于非洲地区温饱问题

几内亚杂交水稻实验田，见证了以“杂交水稻之父”为代表的世界农业科学家对非洲人民的拳拳爱心。本报资料照片

本报讯被国际粮农组织列为重点援助对象的非洲，终于成功种上了中国杂交水稻。昨日，国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心外派专家张其茂回到长沙，他在第一时间，把中国杂交稻在几内亚种植成功并实现产量翻番的好消息报告给了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平。

在国际粮农组织工作日程表上，杂交水稻技术被列为对贫困国家和地区实施援助的首选技术，饱受饥荒之苦的非洲及东南亚，成为首选受援助地区。几内亚是中国杂交水稻驰援非洲的第一站。

“发展杂交水稻，造福世界人民”，是杂交水稻发明人袁隆平院士矢志不渝的理想，饥荒严重的非洲地区，更是让这位伟大的科学家深感责任重大。2003年开始，他先后委派专家彭既明、张其茂到几内亚，进行杂交水稻试验研究和开发，力图寻找依靠杂交水稻技术解决非洲地区温饱问题的突破口。

示范试种：总统一马当先

两年时间，中国专家通过进行杂交水稻新品种筛选试验和适应性研究，筛选出一批适合几内亚推广的杂交水稻新品种，并经新品种展示和规格化高产栽培新技术示范，引起几内亚总统和当地农民浓厚兴趣。

张其茂告诉记者，几内亚共和国总统孔戴曾三次到试验地考察，对中国杂交水稻高产长势赞不绝口，并主动在他的农场示范试种。去年，总统农场共种植中国杂交水稻50公顷，今年，他提出要将余下50公顷稻田全部改种杂交稻，并计划在几内亚全国推广。

令总统先生青睐有加的中国杂交稻，在几内亚究竟展现出了怎样的“魅力”，以至于备受推崇？

难以置信：不施肥产量翻番

中国杂交稻进入几内亚以前，当地稻谷产量约为每公顷1．6吨，杂交稻播种几内亚，其高产性能首次让该国农民看到了一个耕种的“神话”。

在几内亚金迪亚、科巴等地水稻主产区，专家在水源较好、土地肥沃的地方选择了6个示范点，示范种植面积7．4公顷，示范点多数按当地栽培方法进行，即不施肥料、不施农药，中国杂交稻表现熟期较早，产量增加1倍以上。2004年旱季，专家组织在科巴农场大面积示范，示范种植面积130公顷，单产平均每公顷5．02吨，创几内亚水稻大面积生产最高纪录。采用适合当地杂交水稻高产栽培新技术，小面积最高实际产量高达每公顷10．797吨。

今年以来，在几内亚，种植着中国“魔稻”的试验田，成为当地农民和该国农业科研人员“观光”、“游览”的一大热门“景点”。

扎根非洲：杂交稻在非洲制种成功

从中国带去的杂交稻几内亚种植喜获成功以后，中国专家首次在当地进行了杂交水稻制种试验。在几内亚政府和有关方面支持配合下，我国外派专家在当地启动杂交水稻种子生产试验计划，分别在旱季进行了杂交水稻新品种制种试验两次，制种组合3个，制种面积1公顷以上，这是在非洲首次进行杂交水稻制种试验。

2004年，GY103A／GY104R制种取得了实际产量每公顷2．381吨的好成绩；2005年，采用从品种试验筛选出来的综合性状优良、计划今后在几内亚大面积推广的组合GY103A／GY105R，试验平均产量为每公顷2．745吨。这标志着中国的杂交水稻制种技术在几内亚不仅是获得了成功，而且得到了重复的检验，是一种成熟的技术。
Guinea the 杂 hand overed the paddy rice experiment the 田 , witness to hand over the paddy rice's father with the “杂 " for the representative's world agriculture scientist to 拳 of people Africa 拳 love heart.This report data photograph

The point that international 粮 agriculture of 讯 quilt of this report organize to list as Africa helps the object, finally successful grew to ascend the chinese 杂ed to hand over the paddy rice.Yesterday, the national 杂 hand overed the paddy rice engineering technique research the center the outside parties expert, piece, the good news for its 茂 return toing growing sand, he at and at that time, Chinese 杂 hand overing the 稻 at Guinea planting succeeding and realizing yield turn overing the 番 the report to hand overed the paddy rice's father to “杂 " the 袁隆 is evened.

On the international 粮 agriculture organize the work agenda, the head that 杂 hand over the paddy rice technique to be list ased the right poor nation to puts with region into practice to help choose the technique, and suffer its bitter Africa and Southeast Asia of famine, and become the head to choose to suffer to help the region.Guinea is the paddy rice that Chinese 杂 hand over the first to assist Africa to stand.

“ development the 杂 hand over the paddy rice, and build the 福 world people", is a 杂 to hand over the paddy rice to invent the even academician of 隆 of person 袁 to devote not scientist that the 渝 's ideal, region in Africa of serious famine, is also to make this great to feel keenly the duty important.In 2003 the beginning, he successively appoint the expert's 彭 since clear, piece breakthrough for its 茂 go toing Guinea, proceeding 杂 hand overing the paddy rice experimenting research with developping, dint diagram look foring depend onning 杂 hand overing the satisfied problem of 温 in Africa region of solution of paddy rice technique.

The demonstrate tries to grow:The president take the leads

Two 杂s that years, Chinese expert pass the proceeding 杂 to hand over the new species 筛 of paddy rice to choose to experiment to study with adaptability, the 筛 select an in keeping with Guinea expand to hand over the new species of paddy rice, and was displayed by new species to educate the new technique the demonstrate with high 产 of specification 化 , and cause Guinea president with be thick and thick interest of ground farmer.

Piece its 茂 tell the reporter, Guinea the republic president's bore wear to arrive once and three times to experiment investigate, and hand over the high 产 of paddy rice to Chinese 杂 long the 势 be full of praise, combine active demonstrate to try to grow in his farm.Last year, the president's farm totally planted the chinese 杂 to hand over the paddy riced 50 hectare, this year, he bring upped to want remaining next 50 hectare the paddy field all replanted the 杂 to hand over the 稻ed, and plan at Guinea whole nation expansion.

The Chinese 杂 that have to add the president Sir's favor hand overs the 稻 , at the “ magic power that guinea actually emerge outed how", then as for have to suffer to worship?

Difficult then place the letter:Don't apply fertilizer the yield to turn over the 番

The Chinese 杂 hand overs the 稻 in to Guinea be the yield in ground 稻 valley before roughly for the each hectare 1.6 tons, 杂 hand over the 稻 to sow seeds Guinea, its high 产 function let the country's farmer come in sight of a “ myth for cultivating for the very first time".

At Guinea the gold 迪 is second, the section 巴 wait the main 产 area, expert of ground paddy rice in the headwaters than good, rich soil of local chose 6 demonstrates the point, and demonstrate to plant the area 7.4 hectares, demonstrate the point most press be ground cultivation method proceeds, then not apply fertilizer the 料 , not the 施 agrochemical, Chinese 杂 hand over the 稻 to express the familiar period more early, yield increase by 1 times above.2004 the dry quarter, expert organize in the section 巴 big area of farm demonstrate, the demonstrate plant the area 130 average and each hectare of hectares, single 产 5.02 ton, create Guinea big area of paddy rice produce tallest record.The adoption is in keeping with when the ground 杂 hand over the new technique, tallest and actual yield of small area of cultivation of high 产 of paddy rice high reach each hectare 10.797 ton.

Since this year, at Guinea, plant the Chinese “魔 the 稻 " of on trial 田 , become to be the ground farmer with the country's agriculture section 研 personnel “ make sight-seeing trip", “ tour" of a big and popular “景 point".

Tie an Africa:The 杂 hand overs the 稻 in the Africa system to grow the success

From the 杂 that China take to go to hand over the 稻 to Guinea plant to pleased to get the success the hereafter, and the Chinese expert is for the very first time at was the ground to proceeds the 杂ed to hand over the paddy rice system to grow to experiment.Under Guinea the government support with parties concerned to match with, our country outside parties expert is be the ground to start the 杂 to hand over the paddy rice seed produce to experiment to plan, and proceeded in dry quarter respectivelying the 杂 hand over the new species system of paddy rice to grow to experiment two, make to grow to combine 3, make to grow the area 1 hectare above, this is in Africa to proceed for the very first time the 杂 hand over the paddy rice system to grow experiment.

In 2004, the GY103A/ GY104R system grew to obtain the each hectare of actual yielded 2.381 tons's good score;In 2005, the adoption experiment the 筛 to select to come from the species of synthesize the sex 状 good, the plan is from now on at the combination that Guinea the big area expand GY103A/ GY105R, experiment average yield is each hectare 2.745 ton.The 杂 that this scribe China hand overs the paddy rice system to grow the technique at the examination that guinea not only acquired the success, but also got repetitioned, is a kind of mature of technique