小米4屏幕拆解:谁能用英文介绍一下"Truman Doctrine"?

Truman Doctrine

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The Truman Doctrine was part of the United States' political response to perceived aggression by the Soviet Union in Europe and the Middle East, illustrated through the communist movements in Iran, Turkey and Greece. As a result, American foreign policy towards the USSR shifted, as George F. Kennan phrased it, to that of containment. Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States was prepared to send any money, equipment or military force to countries that were threatened by the communist government, thereby offering assistance to those countries resisting communism. In U.S. President Harry S. Truman's words, it became "the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."

President Truman made the proclamation in an address to the U.S. Congress on March 12, 1947 amid the crisis of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949). Truman insisted that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they needed, they would inevitably fall to communism with the result being a domino effect of acceptance of communism throughout the region.

Truman signed the act into law on May 22, 1947 which granted $400 million in military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece.

The Truman Doctrine also contributed to America's first involvements in the Vietnam War; Truman attempted to aid France's bid to hold onto its Vietnamese colonies. The United States supplied French forces with equipment and military advisors in order to combat a young Ho Chi Minh and communist revolutionaries.
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鲁门主义(Truman Doctrine)

1947年3月12日，杜鲁门总统在致国会的关于援助希腊和土耳其的咨文中，提出了以“遏制共产主义”作为国家政治意识形态和对外政策指导思想。这个咨文被称为“杜鲁门主义”。在咨文中他说明了援助希、土的直接原因是美国要接替英国、填补东地中海的真空；进而指出任何国家的人民革命运动和民族解放运动都“危害着国际和平的基础和美国的安全”，宣称世界已分为两个敌对的营垒，一边是“极权政体”，一边是“自由国家”，每个国家都面临着两种不同生活方式的抉择；因而宣布“美国的政策必须是支持那些正在抵抗武装的少数人或外来压力的征服企图的自由民族”，即美国要承担“自由世界”抗拒共产主义的使命，充当世界宪兵的角色。他还认为如果丧失希腊，就会立刻危及土耳其和整个中东，“影响不仅远及东方，而且远及西方”。这就是多米诺骨牌理论的早期说法。因此，他要求国会立即采取果断行动，向希腊和土耳其提供4亿美元的军事援助。1947年5月22日，杜鲁门正式签署《援助希、土法案》。 l947-1950年，美国援助希、土两国6.59亿美元。由美国出钱出枪，重新武装和改编希腊政府军队。1949年，在美军军官指挥下扑灭了希腊革命。

杜鲁门主义是美国对外政策的重大转折点。当时它与马歇尔计划共同构成美国对外政策的基础，标志着美苏两国由战时的盟国变为战后的敌国，标志着美国政府第一次公开宣布将“冷战”作为国策。在此后25年内，杜鲁门主义一直支配着美国的对外政策。