福州滴滴顺风车合法吗:自然语序和倒装语序有什么区别?

来源:百度文库 编辑:高校问答 时间:2024/05/04 19:07:21

英语句子有两种语序:自然语序和倒装语序.

主语在谓语之前时,叫自然语序;
如果把谓语动词放在主语前面,这就是倒装语序.倒装语序又可分为全部倒装和部分倒装.将整个谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果只是把助动词,情态动词或联系动词be放在主语之前,叫部分倒装.

英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后。但有时为了强调某一部分或其它原因,谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面,或把宾语、表语置于主语之前,这就构成了倒装语序。倒装语序按其形式可分为完全倒装
(谓语动词全部置于主语之前)和部分倒装(将助动词、系动词、情态动词置于主语之前);

按其作用又分为语法倒装(用倒装语序表达某种语法概念,如疑问句、条件句等)和修辞倒装(用倒装语序起到某种修辞目的,如强调句子的某一部分,使句子结构平衡或上下文衔接等)。

全部倒装:
Ont rushed the student. 那个学生冲了出来.
Here comes the No.9 bus. 9路公共汽车来了.

部分倒装:
Will you go to a show with me tonight 今天晚上你和我去看演出好吗?
Have you seen any good show lately 你最近看过好的演出吗?

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。

一、 表示强调:

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:

1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。

详细的可以看这里:)~
http://bbs.sj163.cn/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&id=1118

这个问题无法全面回答
因为英文中倒装的情况非常之多,以致于很难统统说清楚。但有一条规律,英语中的倒装,除了语法规定以外,目的都是为了强调某一个成分。以下是英语中倒装的情况以及用法,供参考:

全装语序有两种:全部全装和部分倒装。
全部倒装指谓语部分全部提到主语之前;部分倒装指谓语的一部分提到主语之前。

为了避免句子内容部分重复,英语中常用倒装句,即:so (neither, nor) + be 动词 (助动词,情态动词)+ 主语
Her father is an engineer; so is her husband. 她父亲是个工程师,她丈夫也是个工程师。
Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did Torres. 昨天简没来上我的课,陶丽斯也没来。

如果表示赞同别人的陈述,so 后面的部分不要倒装。
“Jim is a good-swimmer.” 吉姆游泳游得很棒。
“So he is, and so is Dick.” 他游得真棒,狄克游得也很好。

具有否定意义的词/短语置于句首时,句子一般部分倒装。即将be 动词、助动词、或情态动词提到主语前。这类词/短语包括:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, not only…but also 等。
Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到午夜,雨才停了下来。
Seldom is the island visited by ships. 这个岛难得有船停靠。
Rarely does the temperature go above 35 degrees centigrade here. 这里的温度很少超过35度。
Scarcely had he gone out when it began to rain. 他刚一出门就下雨了。
(当然也可以说 He had scarcely gone out when it began to rain.)
By no means is he an honest man. (He is by no means an honest man.) 他决不是一个诚实的人。
Under no circumstances should you leave the room. 在任何情况下你都不要离开这间屋子。
In no way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
(Teaching in school can in no way be separated from practice.) 【学校教学决不能脱离实际。】
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国在任何时候都决不首先使用核武器。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不但说得更正确了,而且说得更轻松了。
Never has my brother been abroad before. 我兄弟从来没有出过国。

注意这类句子的结构变化: 【我们刚把水泥搬进屋里,天就下雨了。】
No sooner had we moved all the cement into the house than it began to rain.
Hardly had we moved all the cement into the house, when it began to rain.
Scarcely had we moved all the cement into the house, when it began to rain.
Directly we had moved all the cement into the house, it began to rain.
As soon as we moved all the cement into the house, it began to rain.
The minute we moved all the cement into the house, it began to rain.
The moment we moved all the cement into the house, it began to rain.

如果句首的否定词修饰的是主语,是主语的一部分,那么句子不用倒装。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month. 上月几乎是滴雨未下。

As 或 though 引导的让步状语从句常使用倒装,一般要把一些形容词、副词、原形动词和名词放在句首:
Small as an atom is, an electron is much smaller than it. 尽管原子非常小,可是电子比原子还要小。
Fool as he looks like, he always seems to make the wisest proposals.
别看他外表傻乎乎的,他提出的建议往往都很有见地。
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
尽管我非常佩服他的勇气,可是我觉得他的行为是不明智的。
Try as you may, you will never succeed. 你尽管做各种各样的尝试,不过你不会成功。
Strange though it may seen … (= Although it seems strange …) 尽管这事似乎很奇怪…

当 so, often, only 等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时,句子一般需要倒装:
So great was the destruction that the South took decades to recover.
遭到的破坏非常严重,以至于南方得需要好几十年的时间才能恢复过来。
Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical. 他总是告诫我们不要碰那些有毒的化学药剂。
Only in this way can we overcome all the difficulties. 只有用这种方法我们才能克服所有的困难。

当 there, here, then now 等副词放在句首,而且谓语动词是come, go, be 时,句子一般全部倒装:这类倒装旨在引起别人的注意。但如果主语是代词,句子就不必倒装。
Look! Here comes the taxi. 看啊,出租车来了。
Here are some letters for you to type. 这有几封信件需要你打字。
Here you are. 你要的东西在这了。(主语是代词,因而句子未倒装。)

在描写一个情景时,在时为了使景象更加生动,我们可以把out, in, up, down, away 之类的状语放在主语前面,同时把主语和谓语的位置倒换。
Up went the arrow into the air. 嗖地一下,箭射上了天。
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 一声吼叫,呼地一声从林子里窜出一只老虎。
The door opened and in came a troop of children in all sorts of fancy dresses.
门一开,走进一群穿着各式各样奇装异服的孩子。

这时如果主语是一个人称代词,谓语就仍然放在后面。
Away they went. 一下子他们就走了。
Down it flew. 它嗖地一下飞了下来。

当一个句子没有宾语而主语又比较长时,常常把状语提到句子前面,同时谓语也放到主语前面。开始这类句子的主要是介词短语。
From the distance came occasional shots. 远处偶尔传来枪声。
On the winding path were to be found footprints of some strange animals.
沿着曲折的小路可以发现一些奇异野兽的足迹。

构成被动结构的过去分词也可以提到前面来,主谓形成倒装。
Shown together with these products were models of steel works and blast furnaces.
和这些产品一道展出的还有钢铁厂和高炉的模型。

构成进行时态的现在分词也可以担到前面来,后面的主谓倒装:
Holding the secretary’s hand is the peasant’s young daughter. 握着书记手的是这位农民的小女儿。