医院氢气泄露会爆炸吗:关于邓稼先的文章

来源:百度文库 编辑:高校问答 时间:2024/04/30 04:22:26

邓稼先,1924年出生于安徽怀宁县一个书香门第之家。翌年,他随母到北京,在担任清华、北大哲学教授的父亲身边长大。他5岁入小学,在父亲指点下打下了很好的中西文化基础。1935年,他考入志成中学,与比他高两班、且是清华大学院内邻居的杨振宁结为最好的朋友。邓稼先在校园中深受爱国救亡运动的影响,1937年北平沦陷后秘密参加抗日聚会。在父亲安排下,他随大姐去了大后方昆明,并于1941年考入西南联合大学物理系。

1945年抗战胜利时,邓稼先从西南联大毕业,在昆明参加了共产党的外围组织“民青”,投身于争取民主、反对国民党卖国独裁的斗争。翌年,他回到北平,受聘担任了北京大学物理系助教,并在学生运动中担任了北大教职工联合会主席。抱着学更多的本领以建设新中国之志,他于1947年通过了赴美研究生考试,于翌年秋进入美国印第安那州的普渡大学研究生院。由于他学习成绩突出,不足两年便读满学分,并通过博士论文答辩。此时他只有26岁,人称“娃娃博士”。

1950年8月,邓稼先在美国获得博士学位九天后,便谢绝了恩师和同校好友的挽留,毅然决定回国。同年10月,邓稼先来到中国科学院近代物理研究所任研究员。此后的八年间,他进行了中国原子核理论的研究。1953年,他与许鹿希结婚,许鹿希是五四运动重要学生领袖、后来担任全国人大常委会副委员长的许德珩的长女。1954年,邓稼先加入了中国共产党。

1958年秋,二机部副部长钱三强找到邓稼先,说“国家要放一个’大炮仗‘”,征询他是否愿意参加这项必须严格保密的工作。邓稼先义无反顾地同意,回家对妻子只说自己“要调动工作”,不能再照顾家和孩子,通信也困难。从小受爱国思想熏陶的妻子明白,丈夫肯定是从事对国家有重大意义的工作,表示坚决支持。从此,邓稼先的名字便在刊物和对外联络中消失,他的身影只出现在严格警卫的深院和大漠戈壁。

邓稼先就任二机部第九研究所理论部主任后,先挑选了一批大学生,准备有关俄文资料和原子弹模型。1959年6月,苏联政府中止了原有协议,中共中央下决心自己动手,搞出原子弹、氢弹和人造卫星。邓稼先担任了原子弹的理论设计负责人后,一面部署同事们分头研究计算,自己也带头攻关。在遇到一个苏联专家留下的核爆大气压的数字时,邓稼先在周光召的帮助下以严谨的计算推翻了原有结论,从而解决了中国原子弹试验成败的关键性难题。数学家华罗庚后来称,这是“{集世界数学难题之大成”的成果。

邓稼先不仅在秘密科研院所里费尽心血,还经常到飞沙走石的戈壁试验场。1964年10月,中国成功爆炸的第一颗原子弹,就是由他最后签字确定了设计方案。他还率领研究人员在试验后迅速进入爆炸现场采样,以证实效果。他又同于敏等人投入对氢弹的研究。按照“邓-于方案”,最后终于制成了氢弹,并于原子弹爆炸后的两年零8个月试验成功。这同法国用8年、美国用7年、苏联用4年的时间相比,创造了世界上最快的速度。

1972年,邓稼先担任核武器研究院副院长,1979年又任院长。1984年,他在大漠深处指挥中国第二代新式核武器试验成功。翌年,他的癌扩散已无法挽救,他在国庆节提出的要求就是去看看天安门。1986年7月16日,当时的副总理李鹏前往医院授予他全国“五一”劳动奖章。同年7月29日,邓稼先去世。他临终前留下的话仍是如何在尖端武器方面努力,并叮咛:“不要让人家把我们落得太远……”

Founding Father of China's A-Bomb and H-Bomb -- Deng Jiaxian

Deng Jiaxian was born on June 25, 1924 in Huaining, Anhui Province, and died on July 29, 1986 in Beijing. He was a nuclear physics expert and academician of China Academy of Sciences.

He graduated from the physics department of the National South-West Associated University in 1945. In 1950, 26-year-old Deng was granted doctorate in physics in the United States and returned to serve the motherland with the advanced physics knowledge at that time.

He was the deputy research of Modern Physics Institute of China Academy of Sciences, deputy academic secretary of Physics, Math and Chemistry Department of China Academy of Sciences, President, vice president and researcher of the Ninth Research and Design Institute under the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, deputy director of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, deputy director of the Science and Technique Advisory Committee under Commission of Science Technology and Industry for National Defense. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) in 1956.

Deng Jiaxian, who devoted his youth to the construction of China's nuclear defense force, made great contributions to the development of China's atom and hydrogen bombs. Deng spent 28 years in the forefront of China's nuclear weapons' development and performed outstanding exploits for the successful tests of China's first atom bomb and hydrogen bomb to be used as weapons.

Deng solved a series of theoretic problems with practical meaning, covering the areas of nuclear physics, theoretic physics, plasma physics, statistical physics, neutronics and hydrodynamics. He also made significant contributions to the research and tests of other new-type nuclear weapons.

Deng won the top prize of State Natural Science Award in 1982, two state-level Science and Technology Progress Awards in 1985, and the honorary title of National Model Worker in 1986. Deng won the special prize of National Science and Technology Progress Awards in 1987 and 1989, respectively. In 1999, the CPC Central Committee, State Council and the Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee decided to grant Deng Jiaxian the special prize of "Two Bombs and One Satellite Award".

Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year-secret experience of this famous scientist was revealed, and his reputation of being the "Founding Father of China's A-Bomb" began to spread in China.