非洲打鼓视频教学:英语高手请进22

总共悬赏了1-17 20-28 4000分希望大家踊跃帮忙 谢谢
可能问题太多有几个跑到 英语四六级里了 去那里也翻译哦 血本~
The
effects of local buckling on channel column strength are accurately quantified in
these papers for both lipped and unlipped channels.
Axial compression tests on cold-formed angles have been performed by Popovic
et al. [12,13]. The first paper [12] investigates both fixed-ended and pin-ended columns
with the pin-ended columns free to buckle about the minor principal axis. The
effect of loading eccentricity is studied in detail for these cold-formed angles with
a nominal yield stress of 450 MPa. Recommendations on load eccentricity to be
used for design are given in the paper. The second paper [13] studies slender section
angles with eccentric loads which caused bending parallel with a leg as is common
in practical applications. Both papers compare the results with American and Australian
steel design standards and make recommendations for improved design. The
results of Popovic et al. [12] have been incorporated into the new North American
Design Specification [8] so that nonslender section cold-formed angles no longer
need to be designed with an eccentricity of L/1000.
Perforated sections commonly occur in storage rack structures. Pu et al. [14] have
investigated the effects of rectangular holes on lipped channels. They show that the
position of the holes relative to the effective area is important and provide an accurate
476 G.J. Hancock / Journal of Constructional Steel Research 59 (2003) 473–487
design method. Dhanalakshmi and Shanmugam [15] studied cold-formed equal angle
steel stub columns with openings. Experimental and finite element studies have been
used to develop a simple design model for ultimate capacity. The openings studied
were basically rectangular with circular ends