lol冠军皮肤活动地址:时间状语从句的引导词都有什么啊

状语
状语是修饰语,一般不作句子成分.一般修饰动词,可以是词语也可以是句子.状语是用来修饰谓语的.比如时间状语,地点状语,条件状语之类的.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
19.1 地点状语从句

地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
19.2 方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）

说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：

He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

19.3 原因状语从句

比较：because, since, as和for

1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.

19.4 目的状语从句

表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

19.5 结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。

比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）

so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

19.6 条件状语从句

连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.

19.7 让步状语从句

though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语）

典型例题
1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。

2) as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

注意： a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

3) ever if, even though. 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
19.8 比较while, when, as

1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
19.9 比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1）Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2) It is not until… that…
19.10 表示"一…就…"的结构

hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：

I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

情态动词
情态动词 (Model Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Model Auxil-iaries)。英语中助动词主要有两类：一是基本助动词，如have, do, be；二是情态助动词，如may, must, need等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。在大学英语四、六级考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：

（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式

（2）情态动词+行为动词进行式

（3）情态动词+行为动词完成进行式

（4）某些情态动词的特殊用法

一、情态动词+行为动词完成式

情态动词+行为动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + v-ed分词”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。

1. must have v-ed

must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。例如：

1）Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

2）You couldn’t have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.

2. could have v-ed

could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。例如：

1）“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”

2）“Tom could have taken it. He was alone yesterday.”

3.may / might have v-ed

may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如：

I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.

4. ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed

ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如：

1）With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.

2）You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.

5. needn’t have v-ed

needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。例如：

You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.

注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：

“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”

“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”

二、情态动词+行为动词进行式

情态动词+行为动词进行式（即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：

1）He must be playing basketball in the room.

2）She may be staying at home.

三、情态动词+行为动词完成进行式

情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：

1）They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.

2）He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.

四、某些情态动词的特殊用法

1. need

考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别，对此，可参见表1.need 作情态动词时，后面跟不带to 的动词不定式，即 “need to”。通常用在疑问句和否定句中，表示询问是否有“必要”，其否定形式为needn’t，表示“不必”；疑问形式为 Need … do? 极少用于肯定句。例如：

1）I don’t think we need turn the light on at that time.

2）Need you ride a bike to school?

情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见表1。

2. dare

考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。

情态动词dare 与实义动词dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见表2。

3. can 和 may

考试中主要测试can，may或could，might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑问句的回答。

时态 情态动词need 实义动词 need

现 You need (not) do You (don’t) need to do

在

时 He need (not) do He needs (doesn’t need) to do

过 You needed (didn’t need) to do

去

时 He needed (didn’t need) to do

将 You need (not) do You will (not) need to do

来

时 He need (not) do He will (not) need to do

句型 时态 动词

情态动词dare 实义动词 dare

肯定句 现在时 dare to 少用 dare/dares to do

过去时 dare to 少用 dared to do

否定句 现在时 daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do

过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do

疑问句 现在时 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do?

过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do

（1）can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性；而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外，can还具有“有能力”的意思，而may与might则不具此意。例如：

1）According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.

2) Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.

（2）May I / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如：

“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”

4. can 和 be able to

can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力，但两者在用法上有点差异：can (could)表示主观能力，不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to; be able to表示主观意愿，强调要克服困难去做某事。例如：

1）My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.

2）He is able to give up his bad habits.

5. must 和 have to

must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”，但有几点区别：

（1）must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”，而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。

（2）have to可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。

（3）在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to，因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。例如：

1）You must come to the classroom before eight.

2）It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.

3）“Must we do it now?” “No, you needn’t.”

6. used to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v

（1）used to +v意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”；be used to +v-ing / n（名词）意为“习惯于”；be used to +v意为“被用来（做某事）”。

（2）used to只表示过去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如：

1）He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.

2）He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.

3）The knife is used to cut bread.

7．用作情态动词的其他短语

would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：

1）The soldier would sooner die than surrender.

2）The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.

3）I’d rather walk than take a bus.

4）If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.

注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：

1）I would rather you came on Sunday.

2）I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.

when,while,as,until ，after,before等
when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别

when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
②Sorry，I was out when you called me．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。
④ The students took notes as they listened．（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。
①When ／While ／As we were dancing，a stranger came in．（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
②When ／While ／As she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter．（make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
3．当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
① As the time went on，the weather got worse．（as表示“随着……”之意）
② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases．随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
③As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer．随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
④The little girls sang as they went．小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside，shouting as she was crying．伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。
4．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it．在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this．下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中（指过去的事情）。
sb．had hardly（＝scarcely） done sth．when．．．＝Hardly ／ Scarcely had sb．done sth．when．．．
①I had hardly ／scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．＝Hardly ／ Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
②I had hardly ／scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang．我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。

until一般地说,用来作time up to 解,当我们谈到目前正在进行而将来某一时刻将停止的事情或情况时,用until,before用来变将来某一时刻表会发生或在此以前会发生的动作.而且与UNTIL主句的动词一定不是短暂性的动词,是可以有延续性的动词,比如come,go,open等是不会和UNTIL用在一起的.

1.as(一边...一边...;当...时候;随着...), when(当...时候), while(当...时候,表示一段时间).
2.since(自从...以来)从句用一般现在时,主句用现在完成时或一般现在时.
3. as soon as.
4.after, before, until\till.
5.directly, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute, no sooner...than, hardly...when(before), scarely...when(before)等都可以和as soon as互换.

嘎嘎