美术社大有问题第二季:请问英语中的虚拟语气是怎样的？

这不是虚拟语气,是感叹句.
让我来介绍一下祈使句吧
一、简介：

虚拟语气表示主观愿望、假设和建议等，所说的话与事实相反，其构成形式见下表:

从 句 主 句

与现在事实相反 v+ed would + v 与过去事实相反 had + ved would have + ved 与将来事实（可能）相反 should / were to + v would + v

二、 考点精要总结：

虚拟语气在历年测试中都是重点内容，在试题中占有相当比例。考生应细心体会虚拟语气的 各种形式，陈述语气与虚拟语气的区别，及虚拟语气所涉及到的各种固定句型。

〔考点1〕 虚拟语气经常用在由 if 引出的非真实条件句中， 表示过去、现在实际上或将来可能不存在的情况。

例1：If I were you, I would tell the tr uth

例2：If I had studied hard, I would not have failed in the exam

例3：If I were to do it, I would do it in a quite different way

〔考点2〕 错综条件句：条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动 作在时间上不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自所指的时间选用适当的形式。

例1：If I hadn?st stood under the ladder to catch y ou when you fell, you wouldn?st be smiling now

例2：I apologize if I had offended you, but I assure you it was unintentional

〔考点3〕 含蓄虚拟句：不出现if, 用介词和介词短语表示虚 拟条件，常见的有：b ut for, without, in case of, supposing, given, provided, under, what if 等。

例1：But for the leadership of the party, we could not be l iving a happy life today

例2：We could have done better under more favorable c onditi ons

〔考点4〕 虚拟语气的倒装：略去条件句中的if，将were，sh ould，had 前置，直接引出虚拟条件句。

例1：Were he to tell us everything, we could try to s olve his problem

例2：There is a real possibility that these animals could be fright ened, should there be a sudden noise

例3：Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone got ten on

〔考点5〕 在一些意为“要求、建议、命令”等含义的动词后的宾语从句中 ，谓语动词要使用 虚拟语气，形式为should（可省略）+ 动词原形。常见的此类动词有：advise, ask, agree , allow, command, decide, demand, ensure, insist, maintain, move, order, prefer, propose, require, request, suggest, urge等。

例：In the past men generally preferred that their wives wo rk in the home

〔考点6〕 某些特定名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要使用虚 拟语气，常见的此 类名词有：advice, command, demand, desire, importance, insistence, motion, neces sity, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, resolution, significanc e, suggestion等。

例：Jean Wagner?ss most enduring contribution to the study of Afr o American poetr y is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference

〔考点7〕 在“It is (was) + 形容词 / 过去分词+ that引导的主语从句” 句型中，从句中 的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气。常见的此类形容词和过去分词有：advisable, demanded, des irable, desired, essential, imperative, important, necessary, natural, ordered, preferable, required, suggested, urgent 等。

例：The board deemed it urgent that these files should be p rinted right awa y

〔考点8〕 在“wish +宾语从句”的句型中，表达与事实相反或无法实现的愿望。

例： I wish I could have gone to the party with you y esterday鼻胱⒁庑槟庥锲在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法。

〔考点9〕 在 would/had rather，would just as soon，would sooner，wo uld prefer后面 的从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，用过去时表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过 去的情况。

例1：I?sd rather you went by train, because I can? st bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather

例2：I?sd just as soon you hadn?st told her about it

〔考点10〕 在as if 和as though引导的从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

例：He talks as if he knew everything

〔考点11〕 在“It?ss（high / about）time that 豹豹 ”结构中，从 句中的动词要用虚拟语气，并常用一般过去时。

例：It?ss high time that children went to bed

〔考点12〕 在 lest，for fear that，in case引起的从句中，谓语动词要 用虚拟语气，注意should一般不可以省略。

例1：He took his raincoat with him lest it sh ould rain

例2：The thief hid behind the bushes for fear that we should find h im

〔考点13〕 在 if only 引导的从句里，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，用过去完 成 时表示过去的情况，用过去时表示现在的情况，用would / could + V 表示将来的情况。

例1：If only John were here now

例2：If only you hadn?st said that