70后最喜欢的男歌手:☆☆悬赏一段昆虫学方面的翻译（鼓励所有愿意挑战勇者）

Occurrence and Control Strategy of Diamondback Moth

Distribution
The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), nicknamed “ little green worm”, “two-headed worm”, or “hanged pest” in China, is commonly found throughout the country and has become the major pest doing damage to cruciferous vegetables.

Physical Characteristics
The adult is a small grayish-brown moth about 6 to 7 mm long. Its wings are narrow and long, and the posterior margins of its forewings have triangular, yellowish-white, and wavy patterns, which form three successive diamond-shaped spots when the wings are folded together. The tip of the forewing has erect long hair in the shape of the duck’s tail.
The mature larva is yellowish-green, about 10 mm long. It tapers at both ends, and its belly (the fourth and fifth sections) is larger, so the larva looks like a spindle. There are a pair of prolegs extending backward at the rear of the larva, making its length larger.
The pupa is yellowish-green or grayish-brown, about 5 to 8 mm, in a thin net-like cocoon.

Distinct Damage
The newly-hatched larva (the first instar) usually burrows into the leaf and feeds on the foliar tissue between the upper and lower surfaces, producing a tiny tunnel. However, it destroys so meager a part of the leaf that it is barely noticed. As it gets older (the second instar), it consumes all the leaf tissue except the upper epidermis, leaving behind window-like patches. The larvae in the third and fourth instars often cause holes or tears in the leaf. The leaf is ruined so seriously that it looks like a multi-mesh net or has nothing left but its veins. Above all, when the vegetable is sprouting, the larva often stays at the bud and eats up the growing tip, which prevents the host plant like cabbage from cupping. If the damage caused is too severe, growers are forced to destroy the whole crop and plant again.

Behavior
The diamondback moth varies from place to place in the number of generations per year. The larval stage takes 12 to 27 days. The larva is active and, when disturbed, it wriggles, moves backwards, and rolls down to a lower leaf or suspends itself by a silken thread. The mature larva usually spins a thin cocoon at the underside of the damaged leaf, on the dry leaf, the stem, the vein or the weed, and turns into the pupa. The pupal period averages 5 to 15 days. The diamondback moth is highly adapted to environmental conditions, surviving and reproducing in temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 degrees Celsius. However, for it to develop well, the most suitable temperature is 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the occurrence of the diamondback moth hits the highest point in Northern China from May through June or in August alone, when cruciferous vegetables are planted on a large scale at the two periods.

Control Strategies
1. Cultural Control:
The sensible allotment should be adopted; namely, growers must avoid planting cruciferous vegetables continuously in the same field lest the source of pests be restored. Besides, after the crop is harvested, the leftover and dried stalks and leaves must be handled immediately, or the land has to be plowed instantly so as to eliminate the source of pests.
2. Physical Control:
The moth is phototactic; as a result, when the adult moth begins to emerge, it is advisable to set up a blacklight (UVA) lantern in an area of two acres to trap the adult moths with the view to reducing the pest population.
3. Biological Control:
Such bacterial insecticides as Bt emulsions diluted by 500 to 1000 units of water can be applied to the larvae and result in large numbers of larvae.

Owing to the constant rampancy of the diamondback moth, the short period of its full growth, the numerous generations per year, and the frequent use of chemical insecticides, it has become resistant to synthetic insecticides in a short time, which poses a great challenge to the control of the pest.

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以上两位翻译的不敢恭维

Xiaocaiyi occurrence and prevention technology Xiaocaiyi commonly known as small Qingchong, two worms, "meaning", widespread throughout the country, is extremely important cruciferous vegetables pests. Patterns characteristics : Imago for small brown moth, the length 6-7 mm. Winged narrow, Qianchi fate after a yellow and white corrugated three times tortuous, Liang Chi, a span of three successive lozenge Cod. Qianchi fate hair long and covers such as chicken Mei warrants. Old cooked larvae body about 10 mm and yellow green, two whisper, No. 4-5 abdominal section lands, the entire Chongti a spindle, and full backward fracture event. Chrysalis 5-8 mm long, yellow green to brown, cocoon walls network. Harmful characteristics : Xiaocaiyi early hatch larvae often he digs down leaves, and between the fingers of cuticle mesophyll, a small tunnel, but appetite is small, hard to detect. Age slightly larger insects, larvae will feed mesophyll, leaving a cuticle, called "open skylight." 3-4 age larvae will eat the leaves carved into the hole or missing, the leaves will eat into serious networking or just stay vein. Especially in the vegetable seedling stage, and often concentrated on vegetables heart harm, Chiqu growth points and effects package heart, causing severe destruction of repeat. Living habits : Xiaocaiyi year of algebra variations, the larvae period 12-27 days. Larvae are very active, an alarm is looking, regressive, falling ended, or reveal prolapse. Larvae were generally in old cooked or dried leaves behind, petiole, venation and weeds, bugs reveal so thin cocoon, chrysalis period 5-15 days. Xiaocaiyi produces strong, Shiwen scope of survival and reproduction may be 10-40 degrees, 20-30 degrees for the development Shiwen. Thus, in the northern region in May-June and August when cruciferous vegetables extensive cultivation season, are two of the peak. Control methods : 1, agricultural Combat : rational distribution, to avoid even a small area for cruciferous vegetables anniversary to avoid insects loop. Vegetable harvest, or to the timely processing of stubble Baiye immediately hectarage can eliminate large degree. 2, Physics Combat : Xiaocaie light of a trend, which occurred in the adult period of one to every 10 acres lanterns lamps may booby large Xiaocaie reduce sources. 3, biological prevention : use of bacterial insecticides, such as BT emulsion, Duishui 500-1000 spray times, a large number of flu patients would Xiaocaie larvae died. As Xiaocaie perennial rampant growth of short, compact more frequent use of pesticides, the development of extremely resistant, chemical control has become a major challenge moment. Add : I will get my own information needs, this is not the necessary information without fear or haste to adopt regardless, I give 14 days of the competition time. Also, for new learner. Online "English learning" copied posted around everywhere, you thought? The following is Dr. Ren barbed!

小菜蛾的发生与防治技术
Outbreak and Control Strategy of Diamondback Moth

小菜蛾俗称小青虫、两头虫、“吊死鬼”等，在全国各地普遍发生，是为害十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫。
The diamondback moth, with common names including small green worm,two-headed worm and "the hanging man", is a pest often plagues Crucifer crops across China.

形态特征：
成虫为灰褐色小蛾，体长6-7毫米。翅狭长，前翅后缘呈黄白色三度曲折的波纹，两翅合拢时呈三个接连的菱形斑。前翅缘毛长并翘起如鸡尾状。老熟幼虫体长约10毫米左右，黄绿色，两头尖细，腹部第4-5节膨大，故整个虫体呈纺锤形，并且臀足向后伸长。蛹长5-8毫米，黄绿色至灰褐色，茧薄如网。
Description
The adult is a small, grayish-brown moth with long, narrow wings. It is about 6-7 mm long, and with three cream-colored wavy markings on forewing ends.When the wings are folded these markings come together to form three linked diamonds.Long hair on forewing margins can be seen to turn upward in the shape of cocktail.At maturity the larvae are yellowish-green caterpillars about 10 mm long.The larval body form tapers at both ends but with dilated 4th and 5th abdomen segments,somewhat spindle-shaped and marked by protruded anal legs.The yellowish pupa is 5 to 8 mm in length, yellowish-green or grayish-brown, with extremely thin silken cocoon.

为害特点：
小菜蛾初孵幼虫往往钻入叶片上、下表皮之间取食叶肉，形成小的隧道，但食量很小，不易被发现。虫龄稍大，幼虫则啃食叶肉，仅留下一层表皮，称之为“开天窗”。3-4龄幼虫可将叶片吃成孔洞或缺刻，严重时将叶片吃成网状或仅留叶脉。尤其是在蔬菜苗期，常集中于菜心为害，吃去生长点，影响包心，严重时造成毁种重播。
Damage
During their early stage the larvae will mine into the leaf,feed on the leaf tissue between the upper and lower epidermis, resulting in many small holes that often go unnoticed since they feed in small amounts. As the larvae grow they will chew into the tissue and leave the epidermis untouched, forming translucent holes on the leaves.At their 3rd to 4th instars the larvae may result in many small perforations or crevices, even eat up the entire leaf, leaving only the veins. Damage is most severe after heading begins.Groups of larvae will burrow into the developing head and disrupt head formation.They may cause serious damage to seedlings and even replanting if they are numerous.

生活习性：
小菜蛾一年发生代数各地不一，幼虫期12-27天。幼虫很活跃，遇惊扰即扭动、倒退、翻滚落下，或吐丝下垂。老熟幼虫一般在被害叶片背面或枯叶、叶柄、叶脉及杂草上吐丝做薄茧化蛹，蛹期5-15天。小菜蛾抗逆性强，适温范围广，10-40℃均可存活并繁殖，但发育适温为20-30℃。因此，在北方地区于5-6月及8月正值十字花科蔬菜大面积栽培季节，是两个发生高峰。
Habits
Larval stage usually lasts about 12 to 27 days,while the number of generations per year may vary within different regions.The larvae are active and identified by its peculiar reaction to being disturbed.They are seen to twist, wriggle backward, roll down or drop from the leaves,suspended by a silken thread at any disruption.After reaching maturity the larvae form thin cocoons on the undersides of host leaves, They also prefer spots like withered leaves,venations,veins and weeds.The pupal stage lasts from 5 to 15 days.Diamondback moth has high stress resistance and wide temperature range (It can survive and propagate within a range of 10-40℃, while 20-30℃ for proper growth).Therefore,from May to June,and August,namely the two massive planting seasons of Crucifer crops,are also the two peaks of diamondback moth outbreak in Northern China.

防治方法：
1、农业防治：合理布局，尽量避免小范围内十字花科蔬菜周年连作，以免虫源周而复始。蔬菜收获后，要及时处理残株败叶或立即翻耕，可消灭大量虫源。
2、物理防治：小菜蛾有趋光性，在成虫发生期，每10亩地设置一盏黑光灯，可诱杀大量小菜蛾，减少虫源。
3、生物防治：采用细菌性杀虫剂，如BT乳剂，兑水500-1000倍喷雾，可使小菜蛾幼虫大量感病死亡。
由于小菜蛾常年猖獗，发育期短，代数多，农药使用频繁，抗药性发展极快，已成为该虫化学防治的一大难题。
Control
1.Cultural control. Optimal allocation of land resources is of great importance.Avoid the year-round rotation of Crucifer crops within a small area to prevent the reoccuring of insect plague.Destroy or plow under crop debris immediately after harvest to eliminate the overwintering habitat.

2.Physical control. Diamondback moth has a habit of phototaxis.Place an ultraviolet lamp can attract and kill adults, minimizing the insect population effectively.

3.Biological control. Using bacterial pesticide such as BT emulsion (diluted with water as 500-1000 times before spraying)can result in high infection and death rate of diamondback moth larvae.

Being a type of perennial activity,relatively shorter grow stage and more generations, diamondback moth leads to frequent use of pesticides.New perplexing problems in chemical control arose as its resistance to pesticides was soon reported.

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恐怖

The occurrence and prevention and cure technique of the small vegetables 蛾
Small vegetables 蛾 the 俗 call the small 青虫 , two head the 虫 , “ mourn the you damn fool" etc., in the widespread occurrence of national every locality, is an important pest to do ill vegetable of ten flower sections.
Appearance characteristic:
The 虫 is long for small 蛾 , of dust-colour 6-7 毫 rice.The 翅狭 is long, after the ex- 翅 the 缘 report Huang the white three the ripples of degree turns and twistses, two when gather togethering 翅s report three rhombus spot for continuing.Ex- 翅缘 the hair is long and the 翘 rise such as the chicken tail 状 .The old and familiar and larval is long roughly 10 毫 rices are or so, and Huang is green, two head 尖细 , belly section 4-5 the 膨 is big, so whole 虫 report the spindle form, and hip foot backward elongation.The 蛹 is long 5-8 毫 rices, yellow green are to the dust-colour, 茧 thin such as the net.
Do ill the characteristics:
That small vegetables 蛾 the beginning hatch the young insect to usually drill into the leaf slice last, bottom the epidermis take to eat the small tunnel of mesophyll, formation, but the appetite is very small, not and easily disheveled hair now.The 虫龄 is slightly big, and the young insect then chew to eat the mesophyll, and only leave a layer epidermis, call it to open the skylight for “ ".3-4 龄 the young insect can eat the leaf's slice the hole or 缺 engrave, serious the hour eat the leaf's slice net 状 or only stay the leaf vein.Particularly is period is in the vegetable seedling, often concentrate to do ill, eat to grow the point in the choi sum, and affect the pack the heart, serious the hour result in to ruin to grow the reruns.
Life temperament:
Small vegetables 蛾 a year occurrence algebra the every locality is different,12-27 days of larval period.The young insect is on the go, and the 遇 trouble to namely twist to move, fall back, vacillating downfall, or spin silk next 垂 .The old and familiar young insect is general on kill the leaf slice reverse sidely or the 枯 the leaf, petiole, leaf vein and 杂 grass to spin silk to do the thin 茧化 the 蛹 , 蛹 period 5-15 days.Small vegetables 蛾 anti- the 逆 is strong, 适温 the scope is wide,10-40 ℃s can all survive and breed, but growth 适温 is 20-30 ℃ .Therefore, in the northern region in 5-6 months and ten flower sections of just happens of August vegetable season of big area cultivation, is two occurrence high peaks.
Prevention and cure method:
1, agriculture prevention and cure:Reasonable layout, as far as possible avoid the anniversary of ten flower section vegetables of small scope inside to connect to make, in order to prevent the 虫源 go round and begin again.Vegetable gleaning, want on time handle the 残 stub the withered leaves or immediately turn over the 耕 , and can exterminate the large quantity 虫 the 源 .
2, physics prevention and cure:Small vegetables 蛾 contain 趋 light, at 虫 occurrence period, establish the black light light every 10 grounds, can the 诱 kill the small vegetables 蛾 of large quantity, and reduce the 虫源 .
3, living creature prevention and cure:Adoption germs insecticide, such as the BT milk, exchange the water 500-1000 times spray fog, and can make the larval large quantity of small vegetables 蛾 feel the disease death.
Because of the small vegetables 蛾 often the year grow bold, and the growth period is short, and the algebra is many, agrochemical usage multifarious, drug-resistant development very quick, have become the 虫's chemistry the prevention and cure of a big hard nut to crack.