高校问答世界金融大鳄知乎:帮忙翻译：）—— Domestication&Plow&Irrigation
来源：百度文库 编辑：高校问答 时间：2024/04/28 23:45:23
Domestication
The revolution in agriculture involved both the development of farming and the domestication of animals. The ability to control and manage herds of milk- and meat-producing animals also served to free humans from the drudgery and desperation of continual hunting and gathering. Herding did not lead necessarily to a sedentary village life, however. The need to find pasture often meant that herding societies remained nomadic, at least for part of the year. Domesticated sheep and goats first appear in the archaeological record around 7500 BC in the Zagros Mountainsto the east of the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys. Cattle were domesticated around 6000 BC in both the Sahara and Egypt, perhaps near simultaneously. Domestication of cattle alone may have been responsible for a doubling of world human population in a few generations.
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Plow
The first agriculturists planted seeds by hand using digging sticks to open the ground. The invention of the plow made it possible to more easily prepare farmland for planting. The plow ripped open long rows for seeding, burying unwanted plants and cutting unwanted roots in the process. When pulled behind domesticated animals, such as oxen, food production per farmer and per acre again increased. The plow has continued to evolve since ancient times. For example, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson invented an improved version.
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Irrigation
One of the key steps in the agricultural revolution was understanding and managing irrigation. Observation of the natural world revealed eventually the relationship between planted seeds, good soils, sunlight, water, and resultant crops. Large-scale irrigation in both Mesopotamia and Egypt turned the rich but arid soils near the rivers into rich farmlands and made possible the rise of the first great civilizations on earth. Building the dams and channels to irrigate these lands required sophistication in government, construction, and engineering not seen previously in any society.
有点多，谢谢大家可以分段翻译谢谢
The revolution in agriculture involved both the development of farming and the domestication of animals. The ability to control and manage herds of milk- and meat-producing animals also served to free humans from the drudgery and desperation of continual hunting and gathering. Herding did not lead necessarily to a sedentary village life, however. The need to find pasture often meant that herding societies remained nomadic, at least for part of the year. Domesticated sheep and goats first appear in the archaeological record around 7500 BC in the Zagros Mountainsto the east of the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys. Cattle were domesticated around 6000 BC in both the Sahara and Egypt, perhaps near simultaneously. Domestication of cattle alone may have been responsible for a doubling of world human population in a few generations.
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Plow
The first agriculturists planted seeds by hand using digging sticks to open the ground. The invention of the plow made it possible to more easily prepare farmland for planting. The plow ripped open long rows for seeding, burying unwanted plants and cutting unwanted roots in the process. When pulled behind domesticated animals, such as oxen, food production per farmer and per acre again increased. The plow has continued to evolve since ancient times. For example, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson invented an improved version.
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Irrigation
One of the key steps in the agricultural revolution was understanding and managing irrigation. Observation of the natural world revealed eventually the relationship between planted seeds, good soils, sunlight, water, and resultant crops. Large-scale irrigation in both Mesopotamia and Egypt turned the rich but arid soils near the rivers into rich farmlands and made possible the rise of the first great civilizations on earth. Building the dams and channels to irrigate these lands required sophistication in government, construction, and engineering not seen previously in any society.
有点多，谢谢大家可以分段翻译谢谢