阴阳师僵尸寮玩法:请大家帮我翻译，不要用金山快译。谢谢004

1. Introduction

Along with democratic progress and advocacy from non-governmental and non-profit organizations, recent developments in environmental management go beyond traditional state regulation and market incentive approaches, and move toward placing more emphasis on the importance of community empowerment and its public participation process.

The emergence of the community-based (or so-called participatory) approach manifests itself to the limitation of mainstream top-to-bottom regulatory and market approaches. Though the centralized approach recognizes the scientific characteristics of environmental phenomena: complexity, uncertainty, temporal and spatial scales, and irreversibility, it often neglects the social dimension of environmental issues, and naively relies on scientific evidence to support its policy decisions or relies on never-zero-transaction-cost markets to adjust its resource allocations. In contrast, the community-based approach realizes that scientific cause-effect relationship cannot be the only source in making environmental decisions; local residents who are the stakeholders also need to be taken into account. A community should be empowered, through group learning and consensus-building, to enhance their participation in environmental decisions.